Causes
There are many reasons that provoke the detachment of particles of the scalp, let’s consider the most common:
- Metabolic disorder is the main cause of dandruff; because of this pathology, the body is more vulnerable to the action of pathogenic factors.
- Hormonal imbalances are a fairly common cause of seborrhea in women.
- Various diseases - for example, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract or endocrine system, bronchopulmonary diseases, neurological disorders, low immunity;
- Hereditary predisposition is a cause that cannot be eliminated.
- Disturbed functioning of the sebaceous glands.
- Poor nutrition, hypovitaminosis.
- Overstrain of a mental or physiological nature.
- A fungus caused by Pityrosporum Ovale - yeast-like fungi, elements of the healthy microflora of the scalp.
- External negative effects on the scalp - abuse of hair dryers, curling irons, frequent coloring;
- Ignoring a hat in winter or wearing a warm headdress in the heat;
- Poor scalp hygiene. However, this reason occurs only in advanced cases when a person refuses to wash his hair at all.
Method number 1. Antifungal shampoos
It is known that dandruff appears due to disruption of the sebaceous glands, which can produce both insufficient and excessive amounts of secretion. In the first case, dry dandruff appears, in the second - oily. But excess sebum is not enough for dandruff to appear: flakes are formed as a result of the proliferation of the Malassezia fungus, which also lives on healthy skin, however, with an increase in the secretion of the sebaceous glands, an increase in Malassezia colonies is observed, which leads to the formation of dandruff. With insufficient sebum production, the epidermis becomes inflamed, and the fungus also begins to multiply, resulting in dandruff. Itching is a reaction to chemically active waste products of the fungus. Antifungal shampoo helps remove excess fungus, returning the amount of sebum to its normal value of 46%. (2). This shampoo contains ketoconazole, a drug that has a strong antimycotic effect, which has been proven by clinical studies of the effectiveness of ketoconazole. (3)
Types of dandruff
Dry dandruff
– caused by decreased sebum secretion (too dry skin). In this case, dandruff flakes are small in size, easily come off the skin, and a “powdered” effect is observed on the hair. Most often they are located along the entire length of the hair; lesions form quite rarely.
Oily dandruff
– this disorder occurs with increased sebum secretion. Dandruff flakes are large, stick together and attach to the hair. They peel off more easily than dry ones. With such dandruff, the hair quickly becomes oily and the patient feels constant itching.
What should you not do if you have seborrhea?
- First of all, forget about rubbing with salt. Salt is sometimes recommended to be rubbed into the skin, which supposedly leads to the disappearance of dandruff. However, in reality, everything happens the other way around: rubbing with salt does give a certain effect, but it is short-lived, and then the already irritated skin will begin to peel off even more.
- For dry seborrhea, you should not use table vinegar, as it will dry out the skin even more, and for oily seborrhea, it is better to use only apple cider vinegar, since table vinegar is too aggressive.
- Even with severe itching, try to scratch the itchy areas less, as this will provoke further development of the process of dandruff formation, both dry and oily.
- If you have dry seborrhea, you should not wash your hair too often, and if you have oily seborrhea, you should not wash your hair too often. If you frequently wash a dry hair, the skin will constantly suffer from dryness, and if you rarely wash an oily head, the abundant secretion will heavily pollute the hair and skin, which will only worsen seborrhea.
Effective treatments
Dandruff is dry, flaky scalp cells that cannot be ignored. This disorder may indicate that the patient has seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Let's consider the most effective methods of combating this disease.
Special diet
Trichologists believe that the appearance of dandruff is not necessarily associated with illness and stress. Reasons may include:
- improper care of hair and scalp;
- excessive consumption of sweet and fatty foods.
A balanced diet can help get rid of dandruff without risking your health.
Antifungal agents
I can overcome these violations with special means. Most often, experts prescribe antifungal tablets, such as Mycozoral, Nizoral and Nystatin. Remember that any medications should only be prescribed by a doctor, indicating the dosage and characteristics of use.
Special procedures
Physiotherapeutic procedures to help get rid of dandruff:
Darsonvalization
- a method that involves influencing the scalp using electrical impulses. This method will help well in the treatment of oily dandruff. The device used during the procedure improves metabolic processes and blood circulation. The duration of one session reaches 8 minutes.
Cryomassage - this therapy is carried out using liquid nitrogen or ice. This procedure will be most effective for oily dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Ice is applied to the infected areas and then a scalp massage is performed. Nitrogen is applied in a thin layer to the scalp with a cotton swab. The session lasts no more than 10 minutes, as there is a risk of getting a cold burn.
Mesotherapy
– one of the most effective methods of treating dandruff. The procedure is carried out as follows: the skin of the head and neck is pricked with special medications, which include individually selected substances.
Shampoos, balms and lotions
Mild forms of seborrhea and dandruff can be cured not only by physiotherapeutic procedures, but also by medications. For example, shampoos containing ketoconazole, which eliminates flaking and relieves itching. Sulfur ointment, also used for various types of fungus, may help you. Products containing zinc, bifonazole or tar have good properties in the treatment of seborrhea.
Dandruff, itchy scalp, hair loss, flaking, redness - reasons, what to do?
In addition to drug therapy, the doctor will give nutritional recommendations. Correcting eating habits is an important step in the treatment of skin pathologies. Skin reflects what we eat and drink. Most likely, the trichologist will recommend giving up sweets, foods containing lactose, fatty, fried, spicy foods, and alcohol. And, of course, foods that cause an allergic reaction in a particular patient should be excluded from the daily diet. You will be able to evaluate the first results of the “new” diet in 3-4 weeks.
Reducing stress levels plays an equally important role. Healthy habits (timely going to bed, breathing exercises, physical exercise, walks in the fresh air, etc.), organizing a healthy environment in the workplace, and communicating with loved ones will help with this.
Proper skin care is very important. At Marina Ryabus’s clinic, you can always purchase the best scalp and hair care products on the recommendation of a dermatologist or trichologist. Comprehensive care will restore the hair structure, thicken it, restore a healthy pH, relieve inflammation, and remove dandruff.
During the treatment period, you will be asked to refrain from using a hair dryer, visiting a solarium, staying in the sun without a hat, or dyeing your hair.
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