What pigment is responsible for skin color? Determine your color type and pallet

Table of contents

1. Etiology and pathogenesis
2. Clinical manifestations
3. Principles of treatment, methods of hardware treatment

Uneven skin color (dyschromia, uneven skin tone) is manifested by uneven skin color in a certain area or throughout the body.

In our company you can purchase the following equipment for the treatment of uneven skin color:

• M22 (Lumenis)
• Fraxel (Solta Medical)
• AcuPulse (Lumenis)
• UltraPulse (Lumenis)
• Clear+Brilliant (Solta Medical)
• Geneo+ (Pollogen by Lumenis)

In most cases, this condition does not pose a health risk. But sometimes uneven skin color can indicate the presence of certain diseases, side effects of taking medications, etc.

Good dream

Your skin needs proper rest to recover. This is an elementary rule, but in the modern world it is often violated.

Try to improve your sleep schedule.

• Go to bed at 10 pm.
• Sleep at least 8 hours.
• Take care of the microclimate of the room. If the air is dry, turn on a humidifier at night.

Etiology and pathogenesis

There are many etiological factors for uneven skin color, and below we will give only a few of them.

One of the most common causes is ultraviolet radiation - prolonged exposure to the sun or regular visits to solariums. Under the influence of UVB, melanocytes begin to intensively produce pigment, which can be deposited in different amounts in different parts of the body (for example, due to greater insolation of some areas and less of others) - as a result, this forms an uneven skin color.

Recent research suggests that HEV rays of 400–500 nm (High-energy visible light, blue light) emitted by modern gadgets contribute to the appearance of uneven skin color. An important feature of HEV radiation is its deeper penetration into the skin compared to UVB and UVA ( Fig. 1 ).

Rice. 1. Comparison of penetration depth of UVB, UVA and HEV radiation

Please note: ultraviolet B ( UVB ) reaches a maximum of the papillary layer of the dermis, ultraviolet A ( UVA ) reaches the reticular layer, while blue light ( HEV ) from electronic gadgets penetrates even the upper layers of subcutaneous fat.

Uneven skin color can occur as a result of environmental pollution ( pollution ). This problem is extremely relevant today for Asian countries with high urbanization and a significant density of inhabitants per square kilometer. However, the pollution factor should be taken into account by all people living in large cities. Studies have shown that under the influence of particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5–10 microns (PM2.5–10), a receptor protein (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AhR) is activated in human epidermal keratinocytes, which triggers genes responsible for the formation of age spots and premature skin aging . Thus, protection against pollution using cosmetics with Pollution Protection Factor (PPF) becomes very important.

Uneven color may be caused by hormonal changes (aging, menopause) or taking certain medications ( contraceptives, doxycycline).

Any inflammation acne sufferers .

Vitiligo contributes to the formation of depigmented areas of varying sizes on the skin, which overall creates a picture of uneven tone.

Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency causes pellagra, which causes uneven skin color, dryness, and increased sensitivity to the sun. More serious symptoms include diarrhea and dementia.

Uneven tone can also occur due to diseases of internal organs, vascular pathologies, disturbances in the microbial composition of the skin, etc.

The nose is red - it's the liver

It is generally accepted that a red nose appears in people who hardly eat while drinking alcohol. It's more of a joke. Although, indeed, when drinking alcohol, the nose becomes red.

But how to evaluate it when the nose is red and the person does not drink? Typically, a red nose indicates liver damage. This suspicion is confirmed by erythema on the inner sides of the palm. Spider veins appearing on the forehead also indicate problems with the liver.

And if a network of thin vessels previously appeared on the chest, arms or shoulders, then these symptoms indicate significant liver damage. A visit to the doctor in such a situation should under no circumstances be postponed.

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Clinical manifestations

The clinical manifestations of uneven skin color largely depend on the cause of the condition. These may be areas of hyper-, hypo- or depigmentation, focal or widespread discoloration.

For example, melasma appears as brown spots of varying shades on the bridge of the nose, cheeks, forehead and upper lip.

PM2.5-10 particles from the ambient air make the skin dull and dry, and due to uneven deposition, give it an uneven tone.

With vitiligo, areas of complete absence of pigment of varying sizes form on the skin, without pain or itching.

Bilirubin hyperchromia (jaundice) is caused by the deposition of the bile pigment bilirubin in the skin and is characterized by a yellow coloration of the skin and mucous membranes.

Proper nutrition

To keep your facial skin fresh and glowing, it is important to follow the rules of a healthy diet.

1. Avoid food waste.
   Stop eating everything that clogs your body with toxins and poisons it. If you see foods and trans fats on the label, put the product back on the shelf. Not allowed: sausages, semi-finished products, canned food, confectionery, chips, crackers, snacks, hamburgers, French fries. Keep sugar to a minimum.

   Forget about fast food forever. Now the “fastest food” in your diet is fresh vegetables and fruits.

2. Eat a balanced diet.
   Your body should receive all the substances it needs in sufficient quantities: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, minerals.
   • Make sure your diet contains proteins, calcium, phosphorus: red meat, legumes, fish, greens, etc.

   Eat at least 4-5 servings of vegetables and fruits.

3. Give preference to complex carbohydrates: buckwheat, oats, brown rice, whole grain flour products.
4. Of the fats, the body needs monounsaturated (avocados, olives) and polyunsaturated (fatty fish, algae, nuts, sunflower, flaxseed oil).
5. Follow your daily caloric intake.
   For women of normal build this is, on average, 2 thousand kcal. If you want to lose weight, then cut your calories slightly, by 10-15%, and get the rest through physical activity and training.

Principles of treatment, methods of hardware treatment

Treatment of uneven skin color should begin with identifying the cause of this condition - otherwise, even after solving the problem, you risk relapse and/or worsening of the condition after some time. If a change in tone is caused, for example, by a disease or taking medications, it is necessary to treat the patient and/or discontinue/adjust the prescribed drug. Most likely, this will require interaction between a cosmetologist and dermatologist with doctors of other specialties.

UV filters to exposed areas of your body daily and stop visiting the solarium. To protect against blue light (HEV rays), you should limit the time you use gadgets (monitors, laptops, tablets, smartphones), working with them only when necessary. It is also not recommended to use them several hours before bedtime, and especially not in bed.

Residents of large cities are recommended to use cosmetics with the so-called “pollution protection factor” (PPF). Such cosmetics may contain the following protective complexes: Pollushield, IBR-Pristinizer, 28Extremoin, EXO-P, SymUrban, etc. For example, one of the recent developments includes acids obtained from hibiscus (Hibiscus acids), which due to chelating ( metal-binding) action prevents the appearance of age spots on the skin.

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) helps even out complexion - it stimulates cell growth and division, renewing the epidermis. When using products with EGF, there is a gradual increase in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, hyaluronic acid, collagen and elastin - as a result, the appearance of the skin quickly improves. Epidermal growth factor is also called Beauty Factor.

Arbutin evens out the tone well and brightens the skin. In addition, it has an antioxidant effect, improves the protective properties of the skin and promotes its recovery after sunburn. However, the concentration required to achieve a lightening effect and the duration of use of arbutin have not yet been identified. Apparently, the individual sensitivity of the skin, the depth of the pigment and other factors are of great importance.

To correct uneven tone, you can use peeling agents with acids . They reduce the pH in the stratum corneum of the epidermis and at the same time bind calcium ions. Calcium ensures the “gluing” of epidermal proteins, and when it is removed, intercellular connections weaken - keratinocytes begin to peel off, which serves as a signal to activate the division of young cells. As a result, the skin brightens and its tone evens out.

If uneven skin color is associated with uneven distribution of melanin in the epidermis, this problem can be effectively solved using hardware cosmetology methods . There are two approaches used here:

1. The first approach is the selective destruction of melanin using heating with visible and near-infrared light, for example, IPL therapy, implemented in the M22-IPL device.
2. The second approach is the destruction of the epidermis in order to trigger its renewal. This approach was previously often implemented using laser resurfacing, a method that involves complete vaporization of the epidermis in the treated area. Today, fractional lasers are used to “replace” the epidermis: non-ablative, such as Fraxel, Clear+Brilliant M22-ResurFX, and ablative, such as Acupulse and Ultrapulse.

The effectiveness of fractional lasers in evening out skin color depends on the percentage of the epidermis destroyed, however, these lasers, if used incorrectly, can cause complications in the form of hyperpigmentation. Therefore, when using them, you need to be careful in choosing the impact parameters and procedure techniques.

Questions from our users:

• uneven complexion
• uneven complexion how to deal with it
• uneven skin color in the bikini area
• uneven skin color causes

How to improve your skin tone?

There are standard recommendations that will help remove unhealthy complexion:

• you need to undergo a medical examination to determine possible diseases that could provoke this problem;
• carry out treatment that should be prescribed by a doctor;
• lead the right lifestyle, it should be active;
• Get enough sleep. This should be at least 6 hours per day;
• eat the right food - more fresh foods, less pickled, fried, fatty flour, drink clean water and plenty of it;
• exercise;
• walk in the fresh air, ventilate the room;
• do not use a lot of contraceptives, antibiotics;
• avoid stressful situations;
• try quitting smoking and drinking less.

These are the main activities that will help improve your skin tone and help your skin heal.

Diagnostics

The examination is carried out under the supervision of cardiologists, pulmonologists and therapists. Subspecialty doctors are hired as needed.

A sample list of events would be:

• Questioning the patient about complaints and symptoms of the pathological process.
• Taking a history to better understand the origin of the disorder.
• ECG, ECHO-Kg. In order to investigate the condition of the heart. Anatomical (structural) and functional, detect defects and other disorders.
• Spirometry. Function of external respiration. To assess the condition of the pulmonary structures.
• General blood tests, biochemical, hormone tests. An expanded picture of lipids (lipid profile) is also needed.
• Allergy tests.
• Serological studies, bacteriological cultures, PCR, ELISA and other methods.

The question is put to rest by a specialized specialist or a group of doctors.

How to combat photoaging: current methods

You should not be shy, but use at least a few harmless and effective rejuvenation tools. There are many of them, but they can be divided into 3 groups:

• Work on posture - to eliminate curvature of the spine, stretch the neck, ensure correct head position; this will help normalize blood flow, microcirculation, and nutrient delivery processes.
• Various exercises – to train elasticity and stimulate collagen production; The key one is self-massage - using a dry brush and a gouache scraper.
• Anti-aging care – cosmetic and medicinal.

Now let's move on to specific options, methods and solutions.

Kurasen is an effective remedy for photoaging

This is a unique innovative drug, the main component of which is the hydrolyzate of the human placenta. It is completely safe (confirmed by research and certificates). Used for injections into a variety of areas of the body (décolleté, neck, face, hands, thighs, forearms).

Features a complex action:

• restores the life cycle of cells and slows down their aging;
• activates its own reserves of the dermis;
• improves metabolism;
• increases immunity and reparative potential.

This leads to thickening of the epidermis, lightening of age spots, smoothing out deep and medium wrinkles.

Positive dynamics are noted after the first Curasen procedure, visual results are noticeable after 5 procedures.

Cosmeceuticals against UV aging

Its achievements should be used to your advantage. Let them write on the dressing table:

1. SPA mask with marine collagen - a very interesting option is PlaReceta, which also contains placental peptides, Japanese knotweed resveratrol, amino acids. It saturates with moisture, creates the correct oval contour, and provides effective lifting.
2. Lotion with an antioxidant effect - the LNC-Cosmetic line has proven itself well. With regular use, melanin production is activated, the tone and shade of the epidermis becomes even, glycation disappears, irritation and inflammation are relieved.
3. Serum for revitalization - improves nutrition, restores freshness, accelerates metabolic processes, removes areas of hyperpigmentation. An excellent choice in this category would be GHC Placental Cosmetic based on human placenta hydrolyzate.
4. Gel fluid - for quick, harmless elimination of dehydration, to restore the epidermal barrier. Side effects - strengthening the immune system, protecting against stress. The Bb Laboratories product is often recommended, as it provides a pleasant tactile sensation even to those who are hypersensitive.

Alternative tan

We already know which rays cause photoaging - solar and ultraviolet type A (UVA). This means that you do not need to lie under them (on the beach, in a solarium), but use special cosmetics based on ketosaccharides - it will temporarily color the horn cells in the dark shade you need.

This effect will last up to a week, and this is with daily water procedures. Of course, not 28 days, like a natural tan, but there is no risk of getting burned or sunburned (and you already remember what this entails, especially for those who are at risk). Environmental friendliness and safety are clinically proven.

Is it convenient? Yes, if you do not wear white clothes immediately after applying this composition.

Even complexion, folk remedies and masks to even out complexion

1. Apricot mask
   Pulp of 2 apricots + 1 tbsp. l. milk + 1 tsp. liquid honey.

   All ingredients must be warm. Grind, mix, apply to face for 20 minutes (except for the area around the eyes) and rinse with warm water.

   Acids, vitamins B and C, zinc and selenium in the composition will help your skin shine again.

2. Parsley mask
   1 tbsp. l. finely chopped parsley + 1 tsp. sea ​​buckthorn oil + 1 quail egg yolk

   Mix to a paste, apply to face for 10 minutes (except for the area around the eyes) and rinse with water.

   Parsley whitens, mattifies and rejuvenates the skin. Be sure to try this mask if you have age spots.

3. Carrot mask
   1 finely grated carrots + 1 tsp. oatmeal + half an yolk + a few drops of lemon juice.
   Read also:  4 ways to cover up redness on the face - recommendations from a makeup artist

   Leave the mixture on your face for 15-20 minutes and wash off with cool water.

There are still a lot of recipes for natural cosmetics that can be easily prepared from simple ingredients. Cucumber, lemon, oatmeal, coffee, bananas, berries - many ingredients that are found in every kitchen are used. You can, for example, simply wipe your face with cucumbers. Try different recipes and find what will help even out and improve your complexion.

Also, to even out the color, pay attention to folk peeling recipes. For example, try using coffee grounds or ground oatmeal as scrubbing elements.

Beauty365 camellia sasanqua oil perfectly whitens the skin and prevents the appearance of seasonal freckles (it can be purchased at www.beauty365.ru).

Regular use of scrubs

Another necessary part of facial care is exfoliation. By clearing the skin of dead scales, we help it breathe and regenerate. We also create the effect of a polished surface, thanks to which the sun’s rays are better reflected and the skin glows.

Anti-aging care must necessarily include exfoliating procedures. They need to be done 1-3 times a week. As a rule, women use scrubs, but a more effective option is available at home - drybrushing (massage with a dry brush).

A dry brush polishes the skin until it squeaks. There will not be a single dead cell left on the face that interferes with normal light reflection. In addition, there is a deep effect on the tissue: spasming muscles relax, blood flow and lymphatic drainage increase, and collagen production in the skin is stimulated. All this is needed to rejuvenate the face and return it to a healthy, even color.

We recommend choosing a dry brush with natural bristles for your face. Go to www.beauty365.ru and look for the Beauty365 dry face brush, which is made from boar bristles.

Perform a massage with a brush on dry and clean skin. Follow the massage lines (see the tip on the Beauty365 facial brush packaging).

After the procedure, the skin will shed all excess and warm up - the perfect moment to nourish it with your favorite cream or oil. Pay attention to Beauty365 natural cosmetics: squalane, oils, balms (sold at www.beauty365.ru).

Causes

The most common causes of deterioration in complexion:

• thickening of the epidermis due to excess sebum;
• frequent stress;
• lack of sleep;
• poor nutrition
• bad habits.

In addition, complexion can deteriorate due to a number of chronic diseases. That is why, when this complaint appears, it is recommended first of all to contact a therapist, who can prescribe tests and, based on their results, refer the patient to specialized specialists.