From its introduction until the end of the 20th century, Solidol grease was extremely popular. It was used for most components of industrial equipment, agricultural and automotive equipment.
The volume of production of technical grease in different years ranged from 30 to 70% of the total quantity of all produced greases.
It is not surprising that such a name became a household name - any grease was called (and is still sometimes called) grease.
In this article we will take a closer look at the legendary lubricant and find out what grease is made from, what types it comes in, its advantages and disadvantages, where and how it is used.
What is Solidol?
The name "solidol" comes from the Latin words solidus
, i.e.
hard, dense and oleum
, i.e. oil. Another outdated name for grease is “grease”.
The basic industrial liquids that make up grease are petroleum oils, i.e. petroleum fractions selected after the production of gasoline. A calcium or sodium soap thickener is added to these oils.
Depending on the raw materials used, it can have colors ranging from light yellow to dark brown.
Thus, grease is a general purpose plastic anti-friction lubricant.
The main functions of technical solid oil are to reduce friction and prevent intense wear of rubbing parts.
Drugs
Active ingredients: cedar, eucalyptus and yarrow oils, oil extracts of rose hips and chamomile, calendula, wheat germ, licorice root, aloe and juniper, beeswax and honey, grease. Release form: cream.
Intended for the treatment of psoriasis, atopic and allergic dermatitis, limited neurodermatitis. It has a keratolytic effect, relieves itching, relieves inflammation, and enhances regeneration processes.
You can start treatment with Akrustal no earlier than 3 weeks after stopping the use of corticosteroid drugs. The cream is applied first to one part of the body (legs or arms), in the absence of undesirable reactions, after 2-3 days it is transferred to other areas and so on until all affected tissues are completely covered.
Active ingredients: grease, crab chitin, extracts of ocean mollusks, extracts from Far Eastern plants. Available in the form of a balm for external use.
The ointment has exfoliating, antimicrobial and analgesic effects, promotes wound healing, relieves inflammation, and relieves itching.
Before use, the skin is steamed (taking a hot bath, visiting a sauna), wiped dry and a balm is applied. Use the product 2 times a day without washing off the previous layer, that is, water procedures can be carried out once every 3 days. Then a 1-day break and the next three-day course of treatment are indicated.
Active ingredients: grease, cedar resin, mink fat, beeswax. Available in balm form.
The product has antipruritic and anti-inflammatory properties, soothes the skin, and reduces flaking. Recommended for the treatment of dermatitis, including psoriasis.
Apply the product evenly to the skin 2 times a day. The duration of therapy depends on the severity of the symptoms of the disease.
Kartalin
Active ingredients: lysozyme, string, chamomile and calendula extracts, vitamins A and D, lavender and eucalyptus oils, bee honey, salicylic acid, solid oil. Dosage form: ointment.
It has a keratolytic effect, relieves itching, inflammation, and enhances regeneration. Indicated to combat psoriasis, neurodermatitis, eczema and allergic dermatoses.
Kartalin is applied to the body once a day for the first 10 days, then 2 times a day until external symptoms disappear. The ointment should not be washed off for 12 hours. The course of therapy is 2-4 months, improvements are observed after 1-2 days.
Picladol
Active ingredients: birch tar, celandine and fir extracts, natural fats, grease, lanolin, water. Produced in the form of a cream.
Has an antiseptic effect, relieves inflammation, promotes regeneration.
Apply the product 2-3 times a day with gentle movements until completely absorbed. The course of treatment is 3 months, manifestations of psoriasis disappear after 1.5-2 weeks.
Psorilam
Active ingredients: petroleum jelly, lanolin, grease, salicylic and boric acids, zinc pyrithioneate, vitamin A. Dosage form - cream-balm.
Psorilam has a drying and antiseptic effect, softens and relieves flaking, and soothes the skin.
The cream is applied in a thin layer 1-2 times a day until a lasting clinical effect is achieved.
Super Psori cream
Active ingredients: petroleum jelly, lanolin, grease, birch tar, naphthalan, sulfur, sea buckthorn oil, string extracts, sage, eucalyptus and licorice. Release form: cream.
Intended for the treatment of various forms of psoriasis as part of complex therapy.
Super psori is applied to previously cleansed dry skin 1-3 times a day. For severe damage, it is recommended to apply a bandage for 12 hours. After the disappearance of unpleasant symptoms, they switch to a single use; the course of therapy is individual.
Rybakova ointment
Active ingredients: emulsion grease, petroleum jelly, boric acid, menthol. Release form: ointment.
The drug is intended for the treatment of psoriasis.
The drug is rubbed into the skin in the direction of hair growth 1-2 times a day, water procedures are recommended to be carried out once every 3 days. The course of treatment is individual, the ointment can be used for several months.
Cytopsor
Active ingredients: grease, mineral oils, peppermint, purified sea salt, calendula.
It has an antiseptic effect, relieves inflammatory processes, and has a keratolytic effect. Intended for the treatment of all stages of psoriasis.
The cream should be applied 1-2 times a day in a thin layer, and when distributed on the scalp, gently rub in, moving the hair to the side. Therapy lasts until pigmented or white spots appear. Showers are taken every other day; steaming the skin is prohibited.
Types of Solidol
Based on their origin and production method, solid oils are divided into:
- Fatty – they use fatty acids from vegetable oils as thickeners
- Synthetic – synthetic fatty acids are used in their production
The first ones (Solidol-Zh) have slightly higher performance and are considered to be of higher quality. At the same time, artificial synthetic solid oil (Solidol-S) has superiority in some indicators and is much cheaper, therefore it is also widely used for servicing industrial equipment.
Based on the method of application and consistency, solid oils are divided into ordinary and press solid oils. The latter are characterized by lower viscosity and are used for pumping into components through grease nipples or using centralized lubrication systems.
It is known that solid oil does not have a very high load-bearing capacity. To obtain higher properties, graphite was added to the lubricant.
One of the most popular such materials is grease with graphite - silver-colored lubricant USsA. Due to the addition of 10% coarse graphite powder to its composition, it has increased extreme pressure properties and conductivity.
It was noticed that solid oil, originally conceived as an anti-friction lubricant, has a healing effect on the human body for certain diseases. It began to be used not only for technical, but also for medical purposes. This is how a division into technical and medical solid oils appeared, which undergo an additional thorough cleaning procedure during production.
Contraindications
Medical solid oil is well tolerated by the body of patients of various age groups, but still, like any other medicine, it has its medical contraindications. They are as follows, namely:
- State of pregnancy and lactation. Women who are carrying a child under their hearts and breastfeeding their baby should refuse to use medical solid oil in its pure form and ointments made on its basis. The caveat is that despite all the thoroughness of cleaning the medicine from chemical impurities, a small part of them still remains in the oil base of the drug. They are not dangerous for an adult, but they can cause significant harm to a child’s body. First of all, the liver and kidneys will be affected, as the main organs that filter and utilize pathogenic components.
- The use of herbal medicine. It is not advisable to simultaneously treat dermatological diseases with decoctions, baths, tinctures and extracts of medicinal herbs and grease. This will lead to a decrease in the therapeutic effect of both types of medications.
- Ultraviolet treatment. After treating the diseased areas of the skin with medical grease, a fatty film forms. If at the same time the patient also receives therapy with direct ultraviolet rays, then the result of such treatment may result in a burn and inflammation of the skin. The thing is that ultraviolet rays can penetrate through this greasy layer of solid oil, but they will not return back. The result is a greenhouse effect on the wound surface and irritation of diseased skin.
- Age up to 12 years. Before reaching this age barrier, children should not receive treatment with grease for the reason that the ointment can clog skin pores that have not yet opened and subsequently lead to their expansion. This threatens with secondary inflammatory processes, infection, formation of boils, carbuncles and purulent abscesses.
- Oncology. Malignant formations on the surface of the skin, as well as wound and ulcerative surfaces formed as a result of the presence of a tumor, are not subject to therapy with solid oil. In such cases, chemicals, cytostatics, radio irradiation, and in some cases surgical intervention will be required.
We also recommend reading: folk remedies for treating psoriasis, how the disease is transmitted and whether it is contagious, how to treat psoriasis on the elbows.
Before starting treatment for dermatological diseases using solidol, it is imperative to first consult with your doctor. It is quite possible that a specialist will identify other health problems that will exclude the possibility of using ointments made on the basis of grease.
Technical characteristics of Solidol
The main technical characteristics of grease, as for any grease, are usually the operating temperature range, resistance to various environments, as well as a number of additional parameters and properties.
The upper threshold of operating temperatures does not exceed +65…+70 °C, and the lower threshold is about -25 degrees. However, this temperature does not ensure complete freezing. In loaded components of powerful mechanisms, this material can work even at -50 °C.
It is noteworthy that when melting and subsequent solidification, the lubricant loses many of its performance characteristics and is unsuitable for further use.
One of the most important indicators for solid oil is its high resistance to water and moisture.
Water is one of the components of the lubricant and acts as a stabilizer in it. Solid oil practically does not dissolve in cold water, and upon contact with it it becomes covered with a whitish coating from interaction with calcium salts. The water content in grease does not exceed 3%.
Solid oils have high colloidal stability and practically do not release oil. Synthetic solid oils are more stable in this regard, which allows them to be stored for a long time (up to 5 years or more).
Potassium soap
Potassium soaps are softer and more soluble than sodium soaps, obtained from the same acid. Potassium soaps form a more voluminous and stable foam. Shaving soap sticks usually contain less fatty acids, 55 - 65%, than ball-shaped shaving soap, containing 70 - 80% fatty acids.
Potassium soaps form a more voluminous and stable foam. Shaving soap sticks usually contain less fatty acids, 55 - 65%, than ball-shaped shaving soap, containing 70 - 80% fatty acids.
Potassium soaps have greater solubility and fluidity compared to sodium soaps, so they are most suitable for low-temperature polymerization.
A solution of potassium soap (concentration up to 12%) is prepared from a 12 - 15% solution of caustic potassium and synthetic fatty acids at a temperature of 65 - 75 C and stirring for 2 hours in a stainless steel (or rubberized) apparatus with a stirrer and a coil. After the solution has settled from the precipitate of iron compounds, the upper layer is periodically fed through filters to prepare the aqueous phase.
The formation of potassium soap requires one molecule of fatty acid and one molecule of potassium hydroxide.
In the presence of potassium soaps, the transition of manganese soaps from the surface of oxides into solution in the form of complex compounds is accelerated. Potassium soaps stabilize this complex and prevent it from falling out of solution.
KS1 is added to solutions of potassium soaps, and NaCl is added to solutions of sodium alkyl sulfates. Since the CMC value decreases with the addition of salts, the range of working surfactant concentrations for removing surface tension isotherms should be slightly shifted to the region of more dilute solutions.
Liquid potassium soap is used in medicine.
Sodium soaps are solid, potassium soaps are liquid. In medicine, liquid (potassium) soap is often used.
Sodium soaps are solid, potassium soaps are liquid. In medicine, liquid (potassium) soap is often used.
Unlike sodium potassium soap, being more soluble in water, it forms latex with smaller particles and allows polymerization to occur at a slightly higher speed. The particle size of latex when using potassium soap is 1700 A, when using sodium soap it is 2060 A.
The choice of conditions for the sulfuric acid decomposition of potassium soap made it possible to isolate the fraction of gallic resin acids used for the production of rosin, the main consumers of which are the paper, paint and varnish and printing industries.
Potash is used in the manufacture of potassium soap, to remove grease stains, oil paint stains, as well as stains formed during wet processing of textiles.
Place 1 g of potassium soap in a test tube and add half of it with a saturated solution of sodium chloride, mix with a glass rod and let it settle.
Advantages of technical Solidol
- The main advantage of technical grease over other lubricants is its excellent price-quality ratio
- It has characteristics sufficient to service most components operating both under normal conditions and under the influence of increased loads, water, moisture and dust
- Solidol is not a toxic substance
- The lubricant can work under conditions of exposure to dust, rain, snow, and sun, and has high protective anti-corrosion characteristics. This allows the use of grease as not only anti-friction, but also preservation compounds
Calculation of the amount of lubricant
Excess grease causes overheating. Before filling it into the unit, the lubrication of the rolling bearings should be calculated. The filling level is inversely proportional to the number of revolutions:
- low speed – 75-90%;
- medium speed – 50%;
- high-speed – 30%.
Speed is determined by the speed of movement of a point on the outer ring of the unit. It is determined by the formula:
A = n × (D + d)/2 = n × dm (mm/min)
Where: n – rotation speed;
D – outer diameter of the bearing;
d – internal diameter;
dm – pitch diameter.
The calculation of the amount of grease for bearings is determined as a percentage of the volume to be filled.
VСВ = π/4 ×B × (D2 – d2) × 10.9 – G/A
Where: π is equal to 3.14;
B – height (width) of the bearing;
D – outer diameter;
d – internal diameter;
G – node weight.
Volume is determined in m3. To establish the exact amount of the substance, all that remains is to carry out a simple calculation, multiply the volume by the percentage of filling and the specific gravity of solid oil or lithol.
When, during operation, it is only necessary to add oil without replacing it, manufacturers recommend adding 20% on each side for sealed bearings. For one-sided filling, enter 40% of the calculated amount.
Experts recommend calculating the amount of lubricant using the formulas:
Conventional rolling bearing – GP = 0.005 × D × B;
Closed model – GP = 0.002 × D × B.
Where GP is the calculated mass of the thick substance to fill the bearing.
In practical terms, a large amount of thick oil is determined by overheating of the unit. In normal conditions, slight heating is observed at the beginning of operation, then the temperature drops to the optimal operating temperature.
What is the difference between Solidol and Litol?
Solidol and litol are the most common and well-known greases in Russia. However, not everyone knows how these lubricants differ from each other and in which cases solid oil can and should be used, and in which cases it should not be used.
To dot the i's
"in this matter and to understand that litol is not a substitute (analogue) of solid oil in all cases, let us consider the main differences between lithol and solid oil.
Lithium soaps are used as a thickener in lithol, and calcium or sodium soaps are used in solid oil. The thickener, as is known, determines a set of basic physical properties of lubricants.
The upper limit of the operating temperature of lithium greases is about +130 °C, while for calcium grease it is only about +70 °C.
Solid oil is more water resistant than lithols; it is not washed out of units, so it can be used in conditions of constant exposure to moisture.
For some structural materials, lithol is aggressive in the presence of moisture, while solid oil is more inert and does not damage parts, for example, made of aluminum and its alloys.
In terms of cost, solid oil is superior to lithol - it is 2 or more times cheaper.
Now that the main differences are known, you can easily make a choice in favor of one material or another for various applications.
Usage
Treatment of skin diseases with grease has become widespread in our country. In folk medicine, there are simply a lot of recipes for ointments based on this substance for the treatment of psoriasis. The most popular and effective of them will be presented below.
Remedy No. 1
We will need:
- honey in the amount of two tablespoons;
- medical grease – 250 grams;
- half a teaspoon of sulfur powder;
- 1 teaspoon rosehip ash;
- one and a half tablespoons of crushed celandine;
- 1 protein;
- a quarter tube of baby cream.
Cooking will not be difficult. All ingredients must be mixed thoroughly. Apply the resulting ointment 2 times a day to diseased areas of the skin. You can use this remedy as long as necessary, that is, until the symptoms disappear.
Remedy No. 2
Ingredients:
- linden honey;
- grease;
- two egg whites.
Mix all the ingredients of the ointment and apply it daily for 2 weeks. Then you need to add dried chopped celandine to this product. After the manipulation, continue treatment for another 2 weeks.
Application area
The scope of application of solid oil is determined by the properties, advantages and disadvantages that we discussed above. Solid oil is not recommended for lubricating components and mechanisms that are exposed to high temperatures. However, it works great in wet conditions.
Cars
Solid oil is used when servicing cars to lubricate unloaded and lightly loaded sliding friction units - door hinges and locks, latches, trunk and hood locks, locking mechanisms, window lift units, pedal bushings, seat slides, levers (for example, hand brake).
In domestic cars of early modifications, for example, GAZ-21, GAZ-24, it was necessary to frequently lubricate the front suspension joints. Maintenance was carried out by spraying with grease.
Solid oil is practically not used on modern cars, since it is incompatible with plastic and rubber materials, which are widely used in vehicle components.
Mechanical and power tools
Solid oil is effective as a lubricant for many mechanical and electrical tools. You just need to remember the low threshold of upper operating temperatures and do not use the composition in high-speed mechanisms that can become very hot.
Thus, it is not recommended to put lubricant in the gearbox of an angle grinder or drill. At the same time, solid oil is quite suitable for lubricating hand-held mechanical tools and low-speed drives, for example, winches, hoists, and vices.
Industry
In industry, solid oil has found wide application in various equipment units. It is used not only as a lubricant, but also as a preservative.
The grease is used to lubricate gate hinges, locks, and various mechanisms located in the open air.
Belt conveyors, conveyor lines, lifting mechanisms, hinges, hydraulic rods, bearing surfaces of rotary devices, gears and low-speed bearings of large diameters, powerful chain drives, units equipped with grease nipples are mostly still serviced with affordable, effective and cheap solid oil.
This composition has excellent preservative properties and reliably protects metal working tools, machines and mechanisms from corrosion. It is especially in demand for protection during storage of parts made of high-speed steels.
Country applications
In dacha conditions, solid oil also turns out to be extremely useful. It is used to lubricate garden mechanisms, wheel axles of garden carts, pumps, and working tools.
Parts and tools treated with this lubricant are stored for years and decades under conditions of exposure to moisture over a wide temperature range.
Another unusual use of the composition is as a garden varnish. It is used to lubricate fresh cuts of trees and shrubs, preventing their diseases and damage.
Medicine
Many people have heard about the use of solid oil to treat various human diseases. However, it should be borne in mind that for these purposes the composition used is not the one that is used to lubricate various mechanisms.
Medical grease has almost the same composition and is prepared using similar technologies from natural fatty acids, but, unlike conventional lubricant, it is then thoroughly cleaned. Purified solid oil is used to heal wounds, ulcers, abscesses, and treat psoriasis.
Currently, the industry produces a huge number of greases of various compositions, purposes, and areas of application. In terms of performance properties and characteristics, they are much superior to Solidol. However, due to its minimal cost and its versatility, this legendary lubricant is still in demand and is produced by numerous manufacturers in huge quantities.
When to lubricate battery terminals
It is necessary to smear the battery terminals not when a layer of white oxide has already appeared there, but preferably before installing the battery or at least at the very beginning of the oxidation process. On average, terminal maintenance measures are required every two years. On modern maintenance-free batteries that do not require so much attention, the need to lubricate the terminals may arise after 4 years of operation. Although, by and large, it all depends on environmental conditions, the condition of the electrical wiring and battery. Since damage to the terminals, poor contact, overcharging from the generator, violation of the seal of the housing and the ingress of technical fluids only contribute to the formation of plaque.
If the terminals, after cleaning, are soon quickly covered with a new portion of “white salt”, this may indicate either that cracks have formed around the terminal, or that overcharging is in progress. Lubrication will not help in this case.
How to understand that the oxidation process has already begun
In order to check whether the oxidation process has already begun at the terminals, you will need to prepare a 10 percent soda solution. Add to 200 ml. container with plain water, one and a half to two tablespoons of soda, stir and moisten the terminal with it. If oxidation has begun, the solution will neutralize the remaining electrolyte. The process will be accompanied by the release of heat and boiling. So, it's time to put our advice into practice.
Oxidized car battery terminal
But an indirect sign of an ongoing oxidation process is:
- reduction of the on-board network voltage level when starting the engine;
- increased battery self-discharge.
So, if you notice these problems, then to eliminate them you will definitely have to clean and lubricate the battery terminals. But for this there is a certain sequence, rules and tools.
How does silicone affect rubber?
Silicone grease is commonly used to lubricate and preserve rubber parts such as O-rings. In addition, silicone grease does not loosen or soften the rubber.
(these problems may occur with hydrocarbon-based lubricants).
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Causes of the disease
Psoriasis occurs due to dysfunction of the epidermis, which normally should be renewed once a month. With scaly lichen, this happens faster; the skin tries to rejuvenate in a maximum of 4 days. The reason for the accelerated process is the inflammatory process. This provokes new and unformed cells to come out, which leads to deterioration of the outer layer and scaliness. The process constantly accompanies a person with periodic remissions and exacerbations. At night, the patient unconsciously scratches the affected areas.
Factors influencing the occurrence of the disease are:
- disruption of the immune and endocrine systems;
- heredity;
- past illnesses;
- bad ecology;
- stress, mental stress.
The above circumstances are not the cause of the disease; they only provoke the occurrence of psoriasis, but do not affect the deterioration of well-being. The discomfort is caused by itching and the appearance of the skin. It is most difficult for the patient emotionally, because he has to experience negative attitudes and unpleasant looks from other people. The unattractive appearance prompts you to look for remedies that will help cure psoriasis.
