Furunculosis is a disease manifested in the appearance on the skin of two or more foci of purulent inflammation of the hair follicle. These lesions are called “boils”. Furunculosis in children requires special attention from adults, and before using any treatment (especially antibiotics), the exact causes of the disease should be determined. In addition, not all treatment methods can be applied in pediatrics.
Boils are formed as a result of penetration of golden (sometimes white) staphylococcus into the hair follicle and sebaceous gland. Furunculosis is an unpleasant and quite dangerous disease, especially when this problem occurs in a child, and pustules appear on the face or in the neck area.
Causes of boils
The skin has a lot of sebaceous, sweat glands, and hair follicles. Hair follicles are surrounded by subcutaneous fatty tissue. If an infection gets into the skin, then the development of an acute inflammatory process begins, which is expressed as a boil. If a boil appears not in one, but in many places, then this process is called furunculosis. A boil can occur in parallel with diseases such as hypovitaminosis, diseases of the digestive system, diabetes, malnutrition, a weakened immune system, and frequent hypothermia.
Streptoderma in children
Streptococcal impetigo in children
The favorite localization of inflammation in children is the skin of the face, hands and other open areas of the skin.
The disease begins with the appearance on a hyperemic background or externally unchanged skin of the primary morphological element of streptoderma - phlyctena with a diameter of 1 to 2-3 mm, surrounded by an inflammatory rim. At first, phlyctena is a tense vesicle, which soon becomes flabby, and its contents turn from light serous to cloudy or purulent. Subsequently, the conflicts dry out into honey-yellow crusts, after peeling off which a pink spot remains. Individual conflicts can be isolated from each other by areas of healthy skin or increase in size due to growth along the periphery and merge. The development of the elements is accompanied by severe itching, which is why children scratch the skin, spreading the infection to healthy areas where new conflicts form. The duration of streptoderma in children is 3-4 weeks.
Slit-like impetigo in children
This form of streptoderma in children is also called seizure or angular stomatitis. Phlyctens are usually localized in the corners of the mouth, less often - at the wings of the nose or in the corners of the eyes. In place of the opened blisters, shallow cracks, covered with yellowish crusts, form.
This type of streptoderma in children occurs with itching in the mouth, drooling, burning, and pain when eating. The protracted course of slit-like impetigo is promoted by caries, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and the habit of licking lips. The infection is easily transmitted through kissing and sharing utensils, so familial cases of the disease are common.
Lichen simplex in children
This form of streptoderma in children belongs to the dry variety of streptococcal impetigo, i.e. it occurs without the formation of conflicts. The infection affects the face (perioral area, cheeks, chin), and less commonly, the skin of the trunk and limbs.
In this case, in the lesions, delimited lesions of a round or oval shape, white-pink in color, covered with small dry scales are formed. After exposure to the sun, the elements decrease or disappear completely, but the affected areas of the skin are less pigmented, which is why the skin takes on a mottled appearance.
Dry streptoderma in children usually occurs in the fall or spring, often in the form of epidemic outbreaks in children's groups.
Streptococcal diaper rash in children
With intertriginous streptoderma in children, inflammatory elements are located in the folds of the abdomen, inguinal-femoral, intergluteal, axillary region, and behind the ears. Primary elements - conflicts - merge into wet, eroded surfaces. The lesions have a bright pink color, scalloped borders and a rim along the periphery. Around the main focus there are screenings in the form of individual elements at different stages of evolution (vesicles, pustules, crusts).
Painful cracks and erosions often form in the skin folds, dramatically affecting the child’s well-being. This clinical variant of streptoderma in children is prone to chronicity and is often aggravated by the addition of a secondary fungal infection.
Vulgar ecthyma in children
Vulgar ecthyma in children refers to deep streptoderma of the skin. In most cases, it develops in weakened and often ill children, with poor hygienic skin care, and itchy dermatoses. Elements of streptoderma are localized on the legs, thighs, buttocks, lower back, and less commonly, the upper limbs and torso.
Initially, a phlyctena or pustule with serous-bloody or serous-purulent contents forms at the site of infection, which quickly dries into a soft yellowish-brown crust. When the crust is removed, a deep, painful ulcer is exposed, the bottom of which is covered with a dirty gray coating. After 2–4 weeks, a pigmented scar forms at the site of the ulcer.
Severe forms of ulcerative streptoderma in children include perforating and necrotic (gangrenous) ecthyma: in these cases, ulcers can penetrate deep into the dermis and subcutaneous fat.
The forms of streptoderma discussed above in children are often accompanied by a disturbance in the general condition, fever, and regional lymphadenitis.
Symptoms of furunculosis
Boils are quite painful, and depending on their location, they often interfere with normal everyday activities. An abscess on the butt makes it difficult to sit, on the head it makes it difficult to turn the head, on the face it causes pain when touching the eye or nose, in the armpits it makes it difficult to move the hands.
With furunculosis, a child sometimes shows signs of intoxication. His body temperature rises, his health worsens, he suffers from a headache, and his appetite decreases.
Causes of rashes on the buttocks of a child
08.10.2021
An allergic reaction to your child's bottom, which includes rashes, redness and itchy blisters, may indicate that the child is having a severe allergic reaction . What type exactly?
Allergic contact dermatitis
Contact dermatitis (which is an inflammation of the skin) is caused by an allergic reaction to something that comes into contact with the skin. This often includes chemicals found in the soap you use to bathe your baby. Or in powder, with which you wash your child’s clothes. Butt and leg allergies may also develop when a child wears pants or underwear that have been washed using a certain detergent that contains allergenic chemicals. Cleaning chemicals used on toilets may be another cause of butt rash.
Food allergies
Food and drug allergies Peanuts, shellfish, strawberries, and avocados are just a few of the foods that can cause allergic reactions .
Allergic purpura
Allergic purpura is also a serious, often life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause a skin rash, most often on a child's bottom, arms, or legs . Purpura can affect joints , gastrointestinal tract and kidneys , so be vigilant.
Hives
Hives are an allergic reaction caused by an allergen to which the child is susceptible. Allergens in this case usually enter the body through food or inhaled air, as opposed to simple contact with the skin (as in allergic contact dermatitis ). Hives are always accompanied by an itchy rash.
Eczema
Eczema or atopic dermatitis is characterized by long-lasting, scaly and itchy rashes throughout the body. Exposure to certain substances may worsen eczema . Treatment for eczema includes the use of moisturizing baby hypoallergenic creams, steroid cream, avoiding substances that worsen symptoms and the effects of antihistamines.
Types of allergic rash on the butt
1) Acute: allergic reaction / urticaria - a reaction usually to food or insect bites. The rash tends to be pink and bumpy and itchy. The rash may come and go in 3-7 days, even after the initial trigger has gone away. treated with diphenhydramine. Cooling the skin with water or ice can be soothing and soothe itching. If your child has difficulty breathing or swelling of the face or lips, contact your doctor right away.
2) Chronic: atopic dermatitis and eczema . This is a very dry and irritated rash.
It can appear anywhere on the body, including the butt. When the spots are only dry and not red, use moisturizers to treat it. When the spots are bright red, doctors advise using 0.5 - 1% hydrocortisone about three times a day for 5 days.
Published in Pediatrics Premium Clinic
Diagnostics
Due to the fact that the foci of inflammation are superficial (except for ulcers in the ear), it is not difficult to diagnose furunculosis. However, with long-term, treatment-resistant furunculosis, there may be a need for extensive diagnostics to establish the exact causes of the disease. In this case, immunodiagnostics, a detailed blood test are performed, and the boil is examined for bacterial seeding of the purulent contents. If the study does not produce results, it is necessary to do a full examination of the body, since furunculosis may be the result of some general disease (blood disease, diabetes, etc.).
How to treat boils
Only the doctor will prescribe the correct treatment and explain to the parents what to do with the abscess, taking into account the stage of development the boil is in. As a rule, at the initial stage of the disease (before the formation of pus), it is enough to treat the abscess with local ultraviolet irradiation, and antibiotics are not required.
If the boil has entered the ripening stage, then the doctor may prescribe antibiotics, or rather, inject them into the affected area. Furunculosis can also be treated with ichthyol ointment, applying it to the abscess twice a day and covering with a thin layer of cotton wool. This treatment is repeated until the boil opens. For furunculosis on the face, you can take other treatment; there is a decent arsenal of drugs for this.
When treatment has led to the opening of the abscess, the resulting ulcer should be treated with furatsilin or hydrogen peroxide. After this, a bandage with sodium chloride solution should be applied to the wound.
