The reason for the appearance of small pimples on the hands

• Mechanism of sun allergy
• Symptoms of sun allergy
• Solar eczema
• Symptoms of photodermatosis

Confusion occurs due to confusion of concepts. The fact is that there are two main types of allergic reactions. The first occurs upon contact with a specific allergen: dust, pollen, mold, animal hair, etc. Of course, not in all people, but only in those who are hypersensitive to them. Everything is clear here: a person encounters an “unfriendly” allergen and their health worsens. This is called a true allergy.

But there is another type of allergy – histamine-dependent. It is also called pseudo-allergy, because the reaction develops... without the participation of an allergen. This is the paradox - there is no true allergen, but there are allergy symptoms! Moreover, like two peas in a pod, they resemble a real allergic reaction. So, increased sensitivity to the sun also refers to histamine-dependent reactions.

Eczema51

Eczema is a chronic allergic skin disease, which is characterized by the appearance of a polymorphic rash, acute inflammation, and itching.

The acute stage of the disease is characterized by the appearance of edema, erythema, against which vesicles, serous crusts, and punctate erosions with weeping are formed; papules and pustules with sterile contents are less often formed. If the pimples on the hands itch, this may indicate dyshidrotic and pruriginous eczema. So, with dyshidrotic eczema, the skin of the palms may become covered with itchy blisters and velculi. Pruriginous eczema is characterized by the appearance of small papulovesicles, mainly formed on the face and elbows, which can also cause itching.

Eczema develops due to neuroendocrine disorders, genetic predisposition, vegetative-vascular, metabolic, infectious and allergic factors.

Scabies51

If small pimples on the arm are itchy, this may indicate that a person has scabies. This is a common parasitic skin disease that is caused by the scabies mite (Sarcoptes scabiei). Considering the daily rhythm of parasite activity, it can be explained why itching intensifies in the evening and at night. Among the methods of infection, direct contact with a sick person or infected objects predominates.

Localization of the disease: bends of the arms and legs, folds between the fingers, elbows, axillary cavities, wrist joints, abdomen, etc.

The clinical picture is often dominated by follicular papules (small pimples on the arms and torso), non-inflammatory vesicles near the passages, scratches and crusts.

Why do pimples appear and itch on the body?58

If small pimples all over your body itch, this may be a manifestation of one of the following dermatological diseases:

• Atopic dermatitis. It is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease characterized by itching. The clinical picture of the disease may differ, including manifesting itself in the form of papules and vesicles.
• Bullous pemphigoid. The disease, as a rule, begins with the appearance of an erythematous, urticaria-like rash, papules, which are accompanied by itching.
• Vasculitis. The eczematoid type is characterized by the appearance of hemosiderosis, petechiae, eczematization (swelling, redness, papulovesicles, crusts), and the affected area is itchy.
• Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. The disease manifests itself from birth or from an early age. It is characterized by the formation of bubbles. In adults, the disease manifests itself in the form of plaques, lichenoid papules on the legs, and onychodystrophy. Severe itching provokes the appearance of milia and excoriations.
• Contact dermatitis. In addition to swelling, vesicles, and bullous rash, itching is also evident, sometimes the lesions hurt, and a burning sensation occurs.
• Hives. It may appear as small pimples on the body, they itch, and less often there is a burning sensation.
• Scabies is a parasitic dermatological disease

Allergic contact dermatitis51

One of the most common causes of pimples on the hands is allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). It is an inflammatory reaction of the skin that occurs in response to external irritants. Occurs in a sensitized organism. Inflammation in ACD is a manifestation of delayed-acting hypersensitivity, which manifests itself 10-15 days after contact with the allergen.

ACD can be caused by contact with the following substances:

• metals;
• adhesives;
• cosmetics;
• external medications;
• dyes;
• chemicals, for example, rubber, cement, etc.;
• food products (in case of contact with skin);
• plants.

The rashes are located not only in the place that was exposed to the irritant, but also in other areas. In addition to the rash, patients may notice other subjective manifestations: itching, burning, pain. It is imperative to visit a dermatologist.

Signs of a sun allergy

What are the signs of a sun allergy? How do they differ from the symptoms of photodermatosis?

In fact, nothing. Photodermatosis is increased sensitivity to sunlight. What is popularly called an allergy to the sun. As already mentioned, due to the release of histamine, the skin primarily suffers.

Therefore, the first sign of a sun allergy is itchy skin.

The second symptom of photodermatosis is skin rashes. They, however, do not always appear, not for everyone and to very different degrees. But if they appear, the shape, color and size can be very different. Starting from pinpoint spots like folliculitis - in the form of small “pimples”, ending with urticaria - a spotty rash, the color of which varies from pale pink to bright red.

The third sign of sun allergy is damage to predominantly exposed areas of the body: face, neck, arms, legs. That is, those places where ultraviolet rays “reached”. This is an important point for diagnosis, because if skin problems occur in closed areas, most likely there is some kind of food challenge.

The fourth possible sign of sun allergy is respiratory symptoms. After all, histamine circulates in the blood, which can cause general reactions: fever (up to 38 degrees), nasal congestion, sneezing, lacrimation, various swelling. As well as dry coughing of the asthmatic type. However, such systemic reactions usually appear in people who initially have such a predisposition. Still, the first signs of an allergy to the sun are skin problems. And precisely on open areas of the body.

What is solar eczema? How does it manifest itself and why is it dangerous?

Solar eczema is another possible skin reaction to ultraviolet radiation. It is manifested by the appearance of blisters and vesicles on open areas of the body, which burst, forming weeping erosions (eczema is weeping), which leads to severe itching. People scratch their skin and often injure it even more. This may result in the addition of a secondary infection, aggravating the severity of the process.

Acne31

Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands, which manifests itself in the formation of closed and open comedones, inflammatory elements - pustules, papules, nodules. Most often, acne appears in the so-called seborrheic zones, where the density of the sebaceous glands is approximately 400 - 900 per cm2. This is the face (forehead, chin, nose), scalp, back. Acne also appears in the décolleté area and upper arms.

There are several degrees of acne severity. There is no clear classification, but in Russian practice the division into mild, moderate, and severe degrees of acne is often used.

Clinically, acne manifests itself in the form of closed (black dots) and open (small white rash) comedones, papules (red inflamed pimples), pustules (papules with purulent contents). With severe acne, nodules and cysts may appear.

Azelik® is a drug for acne

Only a specialist can understand whether red pimples on the hands are a manifestation of acne or another disease. Therefore, in case of rashes, you should consult a dermatologist. One of the drugs that can be prescribed for mild to moderate acne is Azelik®.

The main component of Azelik® gel is azelaic acid. The foundation also includes an additional component - the emollient squalane, which helps moisturize and soften the skin. The drug has the following properties5:

• normalizes keratinization in follicles;
• has an antimicrobial effect, reducing the colonization of propionibacteria and Staphylococcus epidermidis;
• reduces the concentration of free fatty acids;
• has an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the metabolism of neutrophils and the free forms of oxygen they produce.

Azelik® must be used twice a day5. Visible effect is usually observed after 4 weeks of use5.

Acne

Acne treatment

The method of treating acne is pathogenetic; it includes therapy aimed at individual parts of the mechanism leading to the disease.
Causal therapy has not been developed, since a hereditary predisposition to acne cannot be eliminated using existing methods. Goals of pathogenetic therapy:

• normalization of hormonal levels, reduction of sebum production (antiandrogenic and hormonal drugs, retinoids);
• combating hyperkeratosis, preventing the formation of new comedones (use of comedolytics);
• eradication of Propionibacterium acnes infection using local and systemic antibacterial therapy;
• fight inflammation (local corticosteroid drugs).

Complex acne therapy

Treatment tactics depend on the severity and stage of the disease. The optimal and most effective approach to acne treatment is a comprehensive one, with the simultaneous use of several groups of drugs and the involvement of related specialists.

Combination therapy is carried out by external means, drugs with systemic effects on the entire body. In this way, you can prevent the appearance of new rashes, eliminate individual causes of pathology, identify the presence of chronic processes (gynecological, gastroenterological, endocrine), foci of chronic infection that aggravate the course of acne and interfere with treatment.

External preparations in the treatment of acne

Drugs for the treatment of acne can be divided into two large groups: local and systemic agents. For mild to moderate acne, topical treatments are generally used.

Currently, a large number of external drugs are used in the treatment of acne:

• benzoyl peroxide. Has a strong keratolytic and whitening effect. It is used for the treatment of mild to moderate acne due to its ability to “dissolve” dead tissue and its pronounced antibacterial effect. The combination of benzoyl peroxide with azole compounds, sulfur preparations, antibiotics as part of combination preparations significantly increases the effectiveness of its use;
• antibiotics for external use. They are resorted to in cases of lack of effect from treatment with first-line drugs or combination therapy in the treatment of complicated forms of the disease. The disadvantage of antibiotic treatment is the development of the addictive effect and insensitivity of propionic bacteria;
• Erythromycin is recognized by experts as one of the most effective antibiotics in the treatment of acne. Its high antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity is even more pronounced in combination with zinc (“Zinerit”), which reduces the secretion of the sebaceous glands and loosens the pores, facilitating the local effect of erythromycin;
• azelaic acid (“Skinoren”) has a pronounced anti-comedogenic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. The drug does not affect the production of sebum;
• clindamycin is highly active against propionic acid bacteria and staphylococci and does not cause addiction to skin microflora;
• tretinoin is a synthetic retinoid, an analogue of vitamin A (Retin-A, Airol Roche). It is used externally in case of ineffectiveness or individual intolerance to benzoyl peroxide. Eliminates comedones and prevents the appearance of new ones by normalizing the processes of keratinization of the epithelium and reducing the secretion of sebum. Benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, and tretinoin are first-line drugs for the treatment of acne. They are effective with long-term use: three months or more. In some cases, their use causes skin irritation; it is necessary to apply it less frequently or reduce the concentration;
• Systemic antibiotics are used orally in combination with local therapy for moderate acne. Among the antibiotics of the tetracycline group, doxycycline or minocycline are most often used due to their rapid absorption, high antimicrobial activity and intensive accumulation in the sebaceous glands. Systemic antibiotics are taken for a long period - at least a month. As a side effect, intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis and persistent adaptation of skin microflora may develop. Other complications from taking antibiotics include ulcerative lesions of the esophagus, stomach ulcers, onycholysis (softening of the nail plates), the appearance of hyperpigmentation on the skin and nails, etc. It is necessary to take into account the interaction of antibiotics with other drugs to obtain the desired treatment result.

Antiandrogens

When treating acne in women, a combination of external treatment and hormonal contraceptives containing antiandrogens or an estrogen profile is possible.

Severe forms of acne require combined (external and general) treatment. The absence of a clinical effect from treatment for more than three months is one of the indications for prescribing a synthetic analogue of vitamin A - isotretinoin (Roaccutane), which affects all mechanisms of acne. The course of treatment with isotretinoin ranges from four months to a year.

From the experience of complex acne treatment

Studies comparing complex acne treatment with monotherapy have shown a significant advantage of the first approach over the second. By influencing all parts of the pathogenesis of acne, you can achieve greater effect. For this reason, complex treatment with the involvement of related specialists, using antibiotics, hormonal and antiandrogenic agents gives a positive effect in 80-90% of cases. The course of treatment takes on average 6-10 months. Unfortunately, most patients do not have enough patience or are unaware of the duration of therapy, which forces them to look for other treatment methods. In most cases, they become clients of aesthetic medicine clinics or victims of dubious advertisements promising quick and inexpensive acne treatment.

Acne is, first of all, a medical problem, and then a cosmetic problem. Therapy should be comprehensive, aimed at the causes and mechanisms of acne, and not just external manifestations. Acne treatment in Moscow is carried out in an integrated approach and if all recommendations of specialists are followed, its high effectiveness is guaranteed.

Acne treatment prognosis

For most men and women, after puberty, the problem associated with acne disappears on its own. At the age of 25, only 5% of men and 12% of women suffer from acne. With proper treatment and complex therapy, the prognosis is favorable. Improvement or recovery is observed in 80-90% of patients.