Condylomas: symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention

Traumatologist-orthopedist (adults and children)

Bogatov

Victor Borisovich

22 years of experience

Highest qualification category. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, First Moscow Medical University. I.M. Sechenov.

Symptoms and signs of condylomas

In most cases, condylomas are localized on the surface of the genital organs. Growths belong to the group of benign neoplasms that have a risk of degenerating into malignant ones. About three hundred million people are infected around the world. Women are more likely to suffer from manifestations of the virus, while men remain sources of infection. What condylomas look like depends on the specific type of HPV.

If we talk about symptoms, the disease may not manifest itself for a long time. As soon as changes occur in the body that reduce a person’s immune barriers, condylomas begin to cause obvious discomfort. It manifests itself in:

mild itching;
redness of the skin;
formation of small tubercles.

The growths gradually grow and take the form of a papule, spot or cockscomb. The number of genital warts may increase, and the itching may become stronger.

Upon visual examination, growths are often confused with papules, papillomas or molluscum contagiosum. To make a correct and accurate diagnosis, an examination by a specialist and tests are required.

Are you experiencing symptoms of condylomas?

Only a doctor can accurately diagnose the disease. Don't delay your consultation - call

How to get rid of condylomas forever?

Some practical tips:

It is advisable to get vaccinated against HPV infection before starting sexual activity. This will significantly reduce the risk of contracting the virus. If infection does occur, the disease will be much easier.
If you didn't get the HPV vaccine at age 14, don't wait, get it now.
If condylomas appear, get tested, visit a gynecologist, urologist and proctologist.
Remove condylomas in a way that is accessible to you. Of course, it is better to give preference to laser vaporization of condylomas.
Get treatment for HPV infection.
Stimulate your immune system.

Causes

Condylomas in men and women can appear due to the following reasons:

unprotected sexual intercourse;
decreased immune defense in acute respiratory infections or acute respiratory viral infections;
general use of personal hygiene items and products;
oral or anal sex;
stress;
vaginal dysbiosis;
decreased immunity due to HIV or syphilis;
endometritis or endometriosis;
pregnancy and decreased protective functions in the body;
taking glucocorticoid drugs.

Cryodestruction

This removal method is only used for skin tags. It consists of a short-term effect on the formation of liquid nitrogen. Pathological tissues are destroyed by flash freezing.

Cryodestruction

The advantages of cryodestruction include easy tolerance by the patient, no need for anesthesia and no risk of scar formation. Disadvantages are difficulty in controlling the depth of impact and a longer rehabilitation period.

Complications

Condylomas themselves on the head, labia or other surfaces of the body are not as dangerous as complications after them. The infection rate is 80-90%.

The proliferation of genital warts can lead to:

the addition of a secondary infection (suppuration, inflammation);
fusion of the foreskin;
malignant tumors.

Therefore, it is impossible to postpone the removal of condylomas with a laser or other method. It is necessary to eliminate not only the warts themselves, but also to comprehensively strengthen the immune defense of your body.

What are condylomas?

Condylomas are papillomatous growths of epithelial cells that arise as a result of a viral infection. Typically, condylomas appear as a result of infection with special types of papillomavirus, which are transmitted from person to person through direct sexual contact. Other methods of infection with condylomas are extremely rare.

Most often, condylomas are found on the genitals and groin areas. During anal sex, condylomas are found around the anus and in the rectum; oral sex can lead to condylomas affecting the entire oral cavity: lips, tongue, mucous membranes of the cheeks and soft palate.

Rice. 2. It is better to remove multiple condylomas on the genitals with a laser

Newly appeared condylomas are small in size, delicate and easily wounded in texture, pale pink in color, and have a granular surface. Long-term condylomas have a denser structure, sometimes they even become keratinized and become similar to ordinary warts.

In severe cases, condylomas merge into a single mass, resembling a cancerous tumor.

When to see a doctor

If you begin to notice pointed bulges on your body that were definitely not observed before, we recommend that you immediately contact a specialist. You should not wait until the disease begins to cause complications. Removal of genital warts is recommended to take care of health and maintain aesthetic beauty. For example, burning out a tumor with a laser is one of the fastest and most effective methods. The procedure takes a few minutes. The patient may only feel a slight burning sensation, a feeling of warmth. The procedure is not accompanied by pain or severe discomfort. It is not hazardous to health. The laser beam hits a precisely targeted target. Healthy tissues are not affected. Therefore, laser cauterization does not leave scars or stains. A small brown spot then forms at the site of the condyloma. The dermis will heal within 5-10 days. A crust will appear on the surface that cannot be picked or scratched. It provides protection against bacteria and infection.

As soon as the site of the removed condyloma heals, the crust will fall off on its own. Immediately after the procedure, you should not take a bath, visit the sauna, pool, or be in the open sun. All water procedures are acceptable after 5-7 days.

You can receive complex treatment at JSC "Medicine" (clinic of Academician Roitberg) in the center of Moscow at the address: Mayakovskaya metro station, 2nd Tverskoy-Yamskaya lane, building 10. Leading specialists work here, who select an individual approach for each patient, taking into account characteristics of his illness.

Laser removal

This is a modern method of excision of formation, which has become widespread.

Its popularity is due to its advantages:

painlessness;
low-injury;
bloodlessness;
speed of the procedure;
minimal risk of infection;
short rehabilitation period;
no scars.

Thanks to the precision of the laser beam, it is possible to remove growths even in particularly sensitive areas, such as the intimate area, eyelid, etc.

Treatment

Professional doctors resort to the following as treatment for condylomas in men and women:

candles;
solutions;
tablets;
ointments.

Additionally, antiviral drugs and immunomodulators are used.

To solve the problem, cauterization of condylomas is often prescribed. For this purpose, acids and alkalis are used. Removal occurs by thermal burn. The danger of the method lies in the fact that when the active components come into contact with healthy skin, scars form.

An experienced doctor will perform the procedure carefully and painlessly using the following method:

cryodestruction;
electrocoagulation;
laser;
radio wave therapy.

Treatment of condyloma in the anus

In the presence of anal genital warts, doctors at the Yusupov Hospital carry out a combination treatment that combines conservative therapy with surgical removal of anal warts. In most cases, treatment is symptomatic and restorative. Therapy aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease consists of destroying the papilloma virus in the human body. It is complicated by the polymorphism of the virus and is characterized by high cost. At the Yusupov Hospital, doctors treat anal warts at a price that is lower than in other metropolitan clinics.

Proctologists at the Yusupov Hospital use the following methods for treating anal warts:

Physical (cryodestruction, laser removal of polyps, diathermocoagulation, electrosurgical excision, radio wave surgery);
Chemical (destruction with trichloroacetic acid, feresol, solcoderm);
Immunological (alpha, beta and gamma interferons);
Combined (combined use of various physical, chemical and medicinal methods).

Doctors at the proctology department warn patients that the relapse rate with destructive methods is high due to the fact that the human papillomavirus persists in the clinically unaffected tissue that surrounds the condyloma. For this reason, patients are prescribed interferon or its inducers (Viferon, Gepon, Kipferon, Cycloferon Ridostin), as well as other activators of antiviral immunity (Immunomax) as adjuvant therapy in combination with surgical excision. In addition, examination and treatment are carried out in the presence of condylomas in the anus of both sexual partners. During the period of therapy, patients are advised to abstain from sexual intercourse. Barrier contraception should be used for six months after the end of treatment. The most effective are combined methods of treating anal genital warts, which are based on a combination of destruction of visible lesions with the administration of antiviral immunity activators (interferons and their inducers).

The main difference between destructive methods is that when they are used, condylomas are destroyed quickly, often simultaneously. When using other methods, they are eliminated within a few hours or weeks. As a rule, this time is comparable to the healing time of lesions after exposure to physical methods. According to various authors, the frequency of relapses does not depend on the choice of treatment method. Thus, the obvious advantages of physical methods are neutralized. To use physical destructive methods, special premises, expensive equipment, and trained personnel with certificates for this type of medical activity are required. All this limits the use of these methods in widespread practice, especially in small medical centers or in areas where the clinic has only dermatovenerological, gynecological or urological offices. In this regard, conservative treatment methods that can be applied by any practitioner are of particular interest.

Home remedies

At home, patients usually use the following treatment for genital warts. To do this, apply liquid celandine to the tumors several times a day. Alternatively you can use juice:

aloe;
sour apples;
beets;
Kalanchoe.

It is important to use these methods very carefully. Do not allow acid to come into contact with healthy skin tissue to avoid burns. The use of acids is not suitable if growths appear on the vaginal mucosa, on the head of the penis or on the anus. These are particularly sensitive fabrics that require more gentle treatment.

Sometimes patients use thyme baths and onions pickled in vinegar. Often such measures give the desired result, but do not guarantee getting rid of genital warts forever. It is recommended to combine methods of folk and traditional medicine, and also try to strengthen the immune system in different ways. This will allow you to achieve long-term remission of the disease.

How to treat anal condylomas

To remove genital warts, doctors use concentrated solutions of acids, alkalis, salts, hydrogen peroxide, solutions of hingamine and quinine, preparations based on lactic and salicylic acids, nitric and acetic acid, celandine and thuja juices. Solcoderm is especially effective. This is an aqueous solution, the active ingredient of which is the reaction products of acetic, lactic and oxalic acids, as well as metal ions with nitric acid. When solcoderm is applied topically to the affected areas, intravital fixation occurs (the structure of the neoplasm is preserved). Subsequently, the pathologically altered tissues become mummified. Healing occurs under the scab. This eliminates the formation of an open wound surface.

Podophyllotoxin is a cytotoxic drug. The drug is available in the form of 0.25, 0.3 and 0.5% solutions, as well as in the form of 0.15, 0.3 and 0.5% cream. It is more suitable for the treatment of genital warts, but is ineffective for the treatment of anal warts.

Doctors at the Yusupov Hospital prescribe to patients a 0.5% solution (condilin) registered in the Russian Federation or a 0.15% cream – Vartek. Patients can safely self-administer the drug. Some patients develop side effects in the form of local inflammatory reactions, skin redness, burning, itching, and soreness.

DNA inhibitors have a great therapeutic effect. 5-Fluorouracil is a pyrimidine antagonist. Proctologists prescribe it for the treatment of anal warts in the form of a 5% cream. Despite the fairly high effectiveness, availability and low cost of the drug, the use of 5-Fluorouracil in widespread practice is limited due to the high incidence of side effects. The drug is also contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The cream of the required concentration is prepared by prescription in pharmacies according to a prescription prescribed by a doctor.

To prevent the re-formation of anal genital warts, proctologists prescribe interferon or its inducers. Immune drugs can increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the frequency of relapses. Combined immunotherapy is used in the treatment of persistent, difficult-to-treat anal genital warts. Proctologists use various techniques. Immune drugs are combined with laser therapy, cryodestruction, electrocoagulation, and solcoderm. Proctologists at the Yusupov Hospital use interferons registered in the Russian Federation: Viferon, Reaferon, Kipferon, Intron A, Realdron. Doctors prefer recombinant rather than human interferons.

For the treatment of anal condylomas, a low molecular weight derivative of imihidazoquinolinamine, imiquimod, is used topically in the form of a 5% cream 3 times a week or daily at night until the rash completely disappears. After using the drug, redness, swelling of the perianal area, and erosion sometimes occur.

Doctors influence antiviral immunity using an antiviral immunity activator - Immunomax. This is a herbal preparation that is available in the form of a lyophilized powder of 200 units in vials for injection. Proctologists remove anal condylomas from patients using one of the destructive methods or using Solcoderm and at the same time prescribe intramuscular injections of Immunomax. In 68% of patients, at the end of treatment, there is no re-formation of genital anal warts, and after additional destruction sessions, the effectiveness of combination therapy reaches 98%.

Isoprinosine is an immunomodulator that stimulates the body's antiviral defense. It normalizes deficiency or impaired function of cellular immunity. In addition to immunotropic, Isoprinosine has a direct antiviral effect. The drug is successfully used for the treatment of anal warts.

Prevention

In order to prevent the formation of condylomas in men on the head of the penis, in women in intimate places, it is necessary to follow simple recommendations:

strengthen immunity;
do not have promiscuous sex life;
protect sexual intercourse;
observe the rules of personal hygiene;
Do not use other people's towels, clothes, or bed linen.

You should also try to adhere to a healthy lifestyle, walk in the fresh air more often, regularly take basic tests and, at the first signs of illness, seek help from a specialist.

How to make an appointment with a doctor

In our clinic, you can make an appointment with a doctor who, if you suspect condylomas, will prescribe diagnostic tests and an individual treatment regimen. Genital condylomas are dealt with by proctologists (for anal condylomas), gynecologists (for condylomas in the vagina and on the labia), urologists (for condylomas on the penis). You can also contact a venereologist or surgeon.

JSC "Medicine" (clinic of Academician Roitberg) is located in the Central Administrative District of Moscow at the address: Mayakovskaya metro station, 2nd Tverskoy-Yamskaya lane, 10. It is convenient to get to us from the Belorusskaya, Novoslobodskaya, Tverskaya, Chekhovskaya metro stations.

To make an appointment, call the contact number. Calls are accepted 24 hours a day. There is also a feedback service. To do this, fill out and submit the electronic form on the website indicating your name and phone number.

Methods for removing genital warts

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Precautionary measures

During therapy, it is very important to follow precautionary rules. Alcohol infusions and essential oils should not come into contact with mucous membranes.

Any products can be applied exclusively to the affected skin. Otherwise, there is a risk of burning healthy tissue.

Before you treat condylomas yourself, you should be patient. Folk remedies are effective, but therapy takes a long time. Formations in the genital area should be removed with extreme caution.

Methods of infection

When diagnosing HPV, it is also worth taking your partner to the doctor for full treatment. You need to be treated at the same time and, naturally, abstain from sex during this time. There are many ways to get infected with a virus:

Wearing clothes of an infected person. During contact with things affected by the virus, you can become infected with HPV.
Using other people's hygiene products.
Going to the sauna. Even if you practice proper hygiene, you can become infected with HPV. It’s no secret that public places of this kind collect all the “sores”.

Symptoms

The main manifestation of growths is their unpleasant and repulsive appearance. But women will also be reminded of condylomas by other unpleasant moments. The time elapsed from the first contact-infection to the moment when condylomas become clearly visible can be completely different. Sometimes a week or a month is enough for condylomas to appear; in other situations, years may pass. The incubation period depends on the general health of the woman or man, their immunity, lifestyle, etc. Condylomas in women and men cause itching and burning in the genital area and near the anus. This occurs during the period of germination of condylomas; in the future, such symptoms may disappear. An increase in the amount of whitish discharge, sometimes mixed with blood and an unpleasant odor, provokes condylomas in women, which are localized on the vaginal mucosa or cervix. When condylomas are found in the anus, the passage of feces can injure them and cause ichor.

Products that are not recommended for use

Questionable methods that negatively affect the skin and do not eliminate warts:

Using baking soda. The concentration of active substances in the diluted composition is small, but can be used to treat growths on mucous membranes.
Cauterization with hydrogen peroxide. The concentrate cannot cauterize even a small condyloma. Peroxide can only disinfect the wound, but not kill the viral infection.
Castor oil. The composition of the oil is 80% acids, but they cannot fight viruses.

Electrocoagulation

The method is aimed at cauterizing the growth using electric current. With its help, you can remove papillomas and condylomas on any part of the body, including delicate ones. However, for the urogenital area and eyelids, it is better to give preference to methods that are less painful.

Electrocoagulator

The formation is destroyed under the influence of high temperature, due to which the surrounding tissues are also damaged. In addition, patients note poor healing, and sometimes scarring and relapses. The advantages of this type of removal are sterility, bloodlessness, the ability to adjust the current strength and control the depth of exposure.