How it develops
Scientists have confirmed that the likelihood of the disease is not affected by a person’s age or gender. Most often, demodicosis develops on the face and head, since the cervix in these areas contains many sebaceous glands, the secretions of which serve as food for the mite.
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Pathology occurs due to:
- low immunity;
- impaired sebum production;
- the presence of skin diseases.
Often the person himself is to blame for infection with demodicosis. Self-removal of pimples, acne, ulcers and other formations helps the mite penetrate deep into the CP. Demodectic mange can also be a consequence of long-term use of antibiotics and steroid hormones, or the use of low-quality decorative cosmetics.
Bad habits and poor nutritional diet also contribute to the development of demodicosis.
Close contact with an infected person also leads to demodicosis. But this is only possible if the patient has more than 30 parasites in one sebaceous gland.
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Important! Demodicosis also develops in pets. But its pathogens are completely safe for humans.
Demodicosis
Symptoms of the disease
Often, signs of demodicosis appear on the head, nose, nasolabial triangle, forehead, cheeks, chin and eyelids, since it is in these places that sebum is produced in large quantities. Its amount increases if the patient’s body has disrupted hormonal levels, the functionality of internal organs or immunity.
Many dermatologists agree that the main symptom of demodicosis is the appearance of rosacea (rosacea) on the skin. A person may suffer from persistent skin hyperemia, pink papules, and pustules. The advanced stage of the disease is manifested by compaction of the KP and spider veins. The patient begins to complain of severe itching and a feeling of tightening of the joint. Lack of adequate therapy leads to the development of rhinophyma. The intensity of the manifestation of symptoms is enhanced by an oily KP and enlarged pores.
In elderly people, in addition to the above symptoms, ocular demodicosis develops, manifested by blepharoconjunctivitis and blepharitis. They suffer from dry eyes, foreign body sensation, redness, and watery eyes. Gradually, the eyelids begin to itch, swell, and turn red. Eyelashes become thin and brittle and quickly fall out. In the morning, the edges of the eyelids are covered with sticky discharge, crusts and scales.
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Drug treatment
Drug therapy is the basis for the treatment of ocular demodicosis. Both tablet forms and ointments, drops, and topical gels are considered equally effective. Before applying medications to the affected eyelids, clean the skin of the eyelids and eyelashes. They are wiped with an alcohol tincture of calendula or an emulsion made from tar soap. For the treatment of ophthalmodemodecosis, tear fluid substitutes, antiseptics and disinfectant drops, antibiotics, acaricidal compounds, and vitamins are prescribed.
Before prescribing a particular medicine, the patient needs to undergo microscopic tests in any laboratory, for example, in Invitro.
The pathology is chronic, and treatment measures last a long time, up to several months. It is important, while taking medications, to prevent infection of loved ones and to prevent parasites from mating. The patient, since he is contagious, must have separate hygiene products, towels, and bed linen, which are fried with a hot iron after washing.
Acaricidal eye drops
Used to treat the skin around the eyelashes and on the edges of the eyelids. The medicine is applied to the fingertips and rubbed into the eyelids with massaging movements. For painful itching, inflammation and burning, drops are dripped into the conjunctival sac. Among acaricidal eye drops, the most popular are:
- Carbachol
. M,n-cholinomimetic based on carbachol. Paralyzes the limbs of parasites when applied to the eyelids. Instillation into the organs of vision causes constriction of the pupils and helps to lower intraocular pressure. - Physostigmine
, an anticholinesterase agent based on physostigmine. When applied to the eyelids, it paralyzes the extremities of pathogens. - Phosphacol
. Antiglaucoma and pupil constrictor based on phosphacol. The therapeutic effect for ophthalmodemodecosis is paralysis of ticks.
Another drug that deserves attention is Tosmilen. It is used to constrict the pupil, relieve intraocular pressure, interrupt the action of atropine, improve vision in aphakia, and paralyze ticks. Contraindicated for bronchial asthma, irritation of the intestines and stomach, heart rhythm disturbances.
Antibacterial drops
Prescribed for complications and secondary infection. Their main action is aimed at destroying pathogenic microorganisms by changing internal processes at the cellular level. The drugs of this pharmacological group include:
- Levomycetin
. Deactivates infection by destroying protein synthesis and blocking the proliferation of microbes. - Levofloxacin
. Blocks enzymatic processes, preventing the synthesis of DNA of microorganisms. Inhibits the proliferation of infections and leads to their death. - Ciprofloxacin
. A bactericidal agent that inhibits the DNA of pathogens, leading to disruption of DNA replication and the synthesis of cellular proteins of microbes. - Tobrex
, an aminoglycoside based on tobramycin. Blocks enzymatic processes necessary for the life and propagation of infection.
Dex-gentamicin drops are also used against complicated ocular demodicosis. They are based on gentamicin and dexamethasone. They have antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties.
Antihistamine drops
If the patient experiences an allergic reaction, antihistamines are used. They relieve unpleasant symptoms: itching, burning, swelling, redness of the eyelids. The principle of action is aimed at reducing the active activity of mast cells, limiting contact with the irritant, and preventing the release of histamine. The best remedies in this group include:
- Polinadim
. Contains naphazoline and diphenhydramine. Contraindicated during pregnancy, lactation, xerosis, and closed-angle glaucoma. - Okumetil
. The composition includes diphenhydramine hydrochloride, zinc sulfate, naphazoline hydrochloride. The drops relieve swelling and redness of the eyes, and thanks to zinc they provide an antiseptic effect. - Cromohexal
. Drops are based on cromoglycic acid. They cope well with dryness and irritation of the organs of vision.
Drops are dripped into the affected eyes with cleanly washed hands. The bottle should not touch the eyes. The medicine is dripped into the pocket of the lower eyelid, the cap is put on and the hands are washed again.
Eye ointments for demodicosis
Ointment and gel formulations begin to be used at the first symptoms of the disease. They help alleviate the condition and get rid of the pathological process. Depending on the stage of the disease and the presence of hypersensitivity to a particular component, a specialist may recommend the following drugs:
- Syntomycin ointment
. Antibiotic based on chloramphenicol. Quickly penetrates the cells of parasites and destroys them. Depending on the severity of the pathological process, 5% and 10% medicine is used, applying it 1-2 times a day to the affected eyelids. - Permethrin ointment
, which contains synthetic insecticides that destroy the cells of ticks and other parasites. The action of the medication is to provoke the development of mutations in pathogen cells, as a result of which they stop reproducing and die. Apply once a day for 2 weeks. - Ichthyol ointment
. Local antiseptic with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It not only destroys parasite cells, but also heals damaged tissue. The drug is often prescribed after the complete destruction of ticks for preventive purposes.
Sulfur ointment allows you to deal with parasites forever. Sulfur, the active substance of the drug, affects any parasites and helps eliminate a number of dermatological problems: mycosis, seborrhea, psoriasis. Apply 1-2 times a day.
Gels and creams for the treatment of demodicosis
Gel and cream formulations are successfully used in the fight against ticks. They are gentle on the skin and quickly relieve unpleasant symptoms. The most popular drugs in this group are:
- Metrogil
. An antimicrobial drug active against bacteria and parasites, based on metronidazole. Apply to the edges of the eyelids in the morning and evening for 1-4 months. - Demalan cream with herbal base
. Includes chamomile extract, olive oil and glycans. Helps cure demodicosis. Eliminates pathogens, relieves inflammation, heals the skin. Apply 1-2 times a day for 1.5 months. - Stop Demodex gel of plant origin
. It has a powerful anti-inflammatory and regenerating effect. The medicine is applied to a cotton swab and wiped over the eyelids. - Blefarogel-2
contains sulfur, hyaluronic acid, aloe extract. Soothes the epidermis, normalizes metabolic processes, destroys mites. The gel is applied twice a day, gently massaging and rubbing into the eyelids.
These drugs have common side effects. They are mainly associated with individual intolerance to the components included in the formulation. This may be itching, burning, or redness of the areas treated with the medicine.
Tablets against demodicosis of the eyes
This group of drugs is taken orally. This way the body can fight the disease on its own. This will reduce the risk of secondary infections. Often, specialists prescribe the following tablets:
- Trichopolum
. Antimicrobial medicine is taken in courses of 10 days, between which there is a short interval of 3-7 days. The scheme is quite complex, but it must be strictly followed. In this case, benzyl benzoate ointment is used in parallel. - Calcium pangamate (vitamin B15)
. Take one tablet for 20 days. The vitamin-like preparation normalizes metabolic processes and strengthens the body's defenses. - Streptocide
. Grind into powder and apply to steamed skin, including the scalp. Particular attention is paid to the affected areas. The procedure is repeated daily for ten days.
Antimicrobial drugs, for example, Trichopolum, are produced in tablet form, as well as in injection solutions. However, injections are used only in extremely severe and advanced cases. These drugs quickly penetrate all fluids and tissues of the body, reaching maximum concentration within 2 hours after administration.
How does it work?
Metronidazole is a drug with an antibiotic effect. It effectively copes with various bacterial diseases. Today the drug exists in the form of a gel, tablets and solution. The first two dosage forms are more suitable for home use. One of the main advantages of Metronidazole is its active impact on the causes of demodicosis. The active ingredients penetrate bacterial elements and quickly destroy them. Also, after using the drug, there are no scars left on the joint, which is very important.
The medication has a broad spectrum of action, so it is often used in dermatology. Low price, good effect and the possibility of use for the treatment of many skin diseases make Metronidazole a unique drug.
The mechanism of action of metronidazole on demodicosis
Metronidazole is a drug, an antibiotic. It is prescribed for diseases of a bacterial nature. Doctors recommend using it for demodicosis in the form of tablets and gel. The advantage of use is its effect not on the symptoms, but on the causative factors of the disease.
The active elements included in the substance easily penetrate the bacterial elements and destroy them. In addition, the product helps prevent the formation of scars after a rash. The effect on the body is extensive.
The composition is widely used in the treatment of other skin diseases of the face and body. Affordable cost and wide spectrum of action make it popular among children and adult patients.
In what cases is it prescribed
In addition to demodicosis, the drug is prescribed against:
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- impaired functionality of the gastrointestinal tract;
- hormonal disorders, especially in adolescents;
- dermatosis, especially chronic.
Also, the drug and drugs created on its basis effectively cope with:
- amoebic organ damage;
- giardiasis of the duodenum;
- abscesses affecting bones and soft tissues;
- skin infections;
- inflammation of the periosteum and bone structures;
- colitis;
- infectious infections after surgery.
For people who need treatment for demodicosis, it is better to take Metronidazole orally (tablets) or use it externally (Metrogil gel). A qualified specialist should decide which dosage form is most suitable. At the same time, he takes into account the degree of damage and the individual characteristics of the patient.
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Read further:
Benzyl benzoate for demodicosis (ointment, emulsion): treatment regimen, instructions for use
Metronidazole: vaginal tablets, cost, instructions for use
Metronidazole for parasites: pharmacological action, release form and side effects
Thiabendazole: instructions for use, active ingredient, price and analogues
"Naftamon": instructions for use, contraindications and side effects
Antibiotic treatment for chlamydia: basic medications, regimen and methods of administration
Instructions for use
Metronidazole should be used only as prescribed by a doctor. He will study the degree of development of demodicosis and develop a treatment regimen. The patient must only comply with all instructions. Let's look at the features of using gels and tablets.
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Features of gel treatment
Metrogyl is sold without a prescription in every pharmacy. It is transparent and odorless. To achieve a good effect, the substance must be used to treat areas of the CP affected by demodicosis, previously cleaned of dust and dirt. The doctor decides how many times a day this procedure should be performed. The treatment course takes 21-30 days. Its duration can be adjusted. The gel is easy to use and does not cause discomfort.
How to take the pills
Separately or as an addition to external use, the doctor may prescribe tableted Metronidazole. As a rule, you need to take 250 mg tablets in the morning and evening for 7-10 days. This treatment is prescribed to patients in whom demodicosis has led to the development of serious internal inflammation. But often the tablets can be used to prepare emulsions, masks and lotions for topical use.
Recipe 1
To create an effective homemade lotion, grind 5 tablets into powder, add 100 ml of water, mix well. Soak a cotton pad in the prepared mixture and apply it to the affected skin. Carry out the procedure twice a day.
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Recipe 2
Mix crushed tablets and white clay in equal quantities, add water to make the mixture slightly thick, stir. Wash, pat your face with a dry towel and apply the mask to the affected areas for 15 minutes. Then rinse off.
The duration of such treatment should only be determined by a doctor. Using Metronidazole in any form as self-medication can negatively affect your health.
The doctor must decide how to use the medicine against demodicosis
Medicines containing metronidazole
Many of the modern drugs for the treatment of demodicosis and other skin diseases contain metronidazole as the main component.
The most famous are:
- trichopolum;
- Metrogyl (gel and cream) as an adjuvant;
- rozamet and rosex (for rosacea, to prevent scars and dark spots);
- demalan with a pronounced dermatropic effect;
- flagyl, etc.
Here the action of the antibiotic is complemented by other substances. Combinations are selected individually, according to the needs of the patient's skin.
The most successful is the combination of metrodinazole for external use with trichopolum for oral administration.
Contraindications, restrictions
Despite its high effectiveness, Metronidazole is prohibited for use when:
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- pregnancy and lactation;
- acute renal and liver failure;
- hypersensitivity to the constituent components;
- impaired functionality of the central nervous system;
- chronic blood diseases.
Also, the medication is prohibited for use in the treatment of children and adolescents.
Contraindications and side effects
Metronidazole is a strong antibiotic, so it has a number of restrictions for use; some negative reactions may occur during treatment.
Possible side effects:
- dyspeptic disorders - diarrhea or constipation, nausea, loss of appetite, colic, sometimes severe thirst, exacerbation of pancreatitis, stomatitis;
- disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system - attacks of dizziness, problems with coordination, depression, irritability, headache, insomnia;
- allergic reactions in the form of rash, redness of the skin, itching;
- disruption of the urination process, sometimes the urine turns red-brown;
- thrombophlebitis.
The medicine should be taken under constant medical supervision during pregnancy, in the presence of liver and kidney failure.
All side effects of the drug are short-term and reversible.
Metronidazole helps to quickly cope with the manifestations of demodicosis and has a detrimental effect on the causative agents of dermatological pathology. The drug is a strong antibiotic, so before starting treatment you should carefully study the instructions and do not exceed the recommended dosage.
Why do you need to treat demodicosis?
Ignoring this disease will greatly aggravate the person’s condition and provoke the development of the following diseases.
Rosacea
The disease manifests itself as pustules, papules, rashes and skin inflammation. The face turns burgundy-red, the chest tightens, begins to itch and burn. Lack of adequate therapy will lead to thickening of the wings of the nose and an increase in its size. The disease can spread to the chest and back. The risk group includes fair-skinned women 30-50 years old.
Rosacea
Acne
It appears as flesh-colored nodules located in several groups on the face. May be accompanied by papules and pustules. A complex form of acne provokes the development of atrophic scars, bluish nodules and painful cysts. Acne most often appears on the cheeks, temples, upper back and chest. Black dots appear on the joint, it becomes lumpy, gradually becomes coarser and fatter.
Acne
Perioral dermatitis
It affects the nasolabial triangle, corners of the mouth, chin, head, and skin around the lips. It manifests itself as burgundy papules, persistent redness and pustules. If left untreated, it enters an acute stage, which provokes the development of:
- painful nodular neoplasms;
- large pustules;
- bluish rashes;
- itching;
- peeling;
- dryness;
- skin tightening.
Gradually, the KP becomes thin, opens the vascular network, and becomes covered with acne, pimples and rashes.
Seborrheic dermatitis
This disease manifests itself as pustules and papules that appear on the face, head, eyelids and eyebrows. Having become chronic, it affects:
- chest;
- armpits;
- groin;
- skin behind the ears.
A mild form of the disease can be confused with dandruff.
If left untreated, large scaly growths will affect the entire head. The KP under the crusts is red and inflamed. Since the skin is dry, bleeding microcracks appear on it, which constantly itch. The likelihood of contracting an infectious disease increases several times.
Demodicosis is a serious disease that requires qualified treatment. If you notice signs in yourself, do not rush to buy Metronidazole, but make an appointment with a dermatologist.
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