The reasons for the appearance of bruises in women at the slightest blow have been revealed

Traumatologist-orthopedist

Shelepov

Alexander Sergeevich

13 years of experience

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An accumulation of clots or liquid blood in the soft tissues of the body, formed due to rupture of blood vessels, is called a hematoma. The most common type of pathology is an ordinary bruise. However, this concept includes much more severe and complex cases that cannot be left without qualified medical care. Blood flowing from the vessel irritates the tissues surrounding it, resulting in pain, tissue swelling and other signs of developing inflammation. In addition, the hematoma compresses the tissues or organs located next to it, which can lead to the development of complications.

Causes

Hemorrhage usually occurs after injury. This could be a bruise of the skin, internal organs, a concussion or bruise of the brain, an injection with thin (sharp) objects. Sometimes blood leaves the vessels and pours into the skin and internal organs as a result of infections, autoimmune diseases, and poisoning. The occurrence of hemorrhages and bruises is promoted by increased fragility of blood vessels, fasting, lack of vitamins in food, high blood pressure, and congenital bleeding disorders.

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What contributes to the resorption of hemorrhage

Resorption of subcutaneous hemorrhage depends not only on treatment, but also on the regenerative processes of the body, which occur individually in each person. Therefore, the exact time for tissue restoration is difficult to determine.

The average is approximately 2 to 3 weeks, but can be as long as 30 days.

The time it takes for the hematoma to disappear depends on how severe the injury was. Hematoma formations can occur:

• Easily. Hemorrhage forms throughout the day without involving myofibers in the process. The injured area swells slightly.
• Have average severity. Hemorrhage affects muscle structures, bruising will appear within 3 to 5 hours.
• Hard. Myofibers are severely damaged and become dysfunctional. The damaged area swells greatly and a hematoma forms within 60 minutes to two hours.

It is worth remembering that if the consequences of an injury do not go away for a long time, then it is better to consult and get help from a specialist who will prescribe appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures. It is better to prevent a disease than to treat it later.

Symptoms

A bruise on the skin is always clearly visible. At first it has a purplish-blue color, and then begins to “bloom”, acquiring yellow and green colors. If a sufficiently large amount of blood accumulates under the skin, a protruding lump forms. At first it is very painful to feel, but later the pain goes away.

The outpouring of blood into the internal organs and into the substance of the brain is preceded by trauma. The main symptom is pain. In this case, the hematoma is not visible externally. If bleeding continues, the victim becomes pale, weak, and dizzy. With chronic internal bleeding, anemia comes to the fore. Bleeding in the brain is especially dangerous. Compression of brain structures may occur, sometimes leading to death.

Why does a hematoma change color?

Doctors identify three distinct stages of a hematoma through which it must go before completely disappearing. Each of them is characterized by a certain skin color, through which the hemorrhage is visible.

1. Appearance of a bruise. Immediately after a soft tissue bruise, a sharp pain is felt, the area of ​​skin in the damaged area becomes purplish-red and swells due to tissue swelling, then the red color gradually changes to blue. The red color comes from red blood cells containing large amounts of hemoglobin. After a few hours, hemoglobin begins to break down, and the bruise site turns blue. Due to swelling and inflammation of the tissue in the damaged area, the temperature rises.
2. Greening. After two or three days, swelling and temperature decrease, the condition of the tissues more or less returns to normal, but minor pain when pressed remains. The blue tint of the skin gradually turns into a greenish color.
3. Yellowing. By about the fifth day, the swelling completely disappears, the remaining hemoglobin disintegrates and is removed from the tissues. The site of the bruise becomes yellowish, then acquires its normal color.

Visual symptoms of hematomas are most clearly visible in cases where the effusion of blood occurs in the subcutaneous layer. If a clot forms in the deeper layers of soft tissue, then only a small but painful swelling is noticeable on the outside. Such formations are much more dangerous, since the process occurs unnoticed and can be accompanied by complications.

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Predisposing factors

The formation of hematomas occurs after injuries, including pinching, blows, squeezing, and bruises. Subarachnoid hemorrhage does not fall into this category, since it does not appear due to trauma, but due to damage to an unchanged vessel. Often small hematomas appear due to eating large quantities of food or drinking alcoholic beverages. This is due to stretching of the gastrointestinal tract and the appearance of cracks.

The development of pathology is influenced by vascular weakness and problems with blood clotting. Often due to a weakened immune system due to infections or age-related changes, the likelihood of pus accumulating in the affected area increases.

Reasons why bruises often appear on the legs

The appearance of bruises on the legs without a blow or injury is an alarming sign indicating health problems. Most often they occur suddenly and may be accompanied by bruising. In this case, you should not delay a visit to the doctor, since if the blood vessels are in normal condition without injury, hemorrhage does not occur in the upper layers of the skin. In case of injuries, they can remain on the legs for quite a long time and this is a type of norm that does not require special treatment.

Among them may be:

• Vitamin deficiency, in which due to a lack of vitamins C, K, P, the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels decreases and their fragility increases. If you adjust the menu and replenish it with rose hips, black currants, chokeberries, then the lack of vitamins can be compensated. Most often, such bruises appear in the spring, when the manifestations of vitamin deficiency are most severe.
• Reduced strength of the connective tissue that protects the capillaries. In this case, the appearance of bruises on the legs without a contusion becomes possible with the slightest pressure. This needs to be diagnosed (which is only possible in a specialized center). If the diagnosis is established, sometimes the fragility of blood vessels can be eliminated by taking special medications.
• Lack of platelets, in other words, a blood disease in which there are problems with blood clotting. The localization of bruises is not limited to the legs alone; they also appear on other parts of the body.
• Varicose veins, which not only cause bruising, but also spider veins. The appearance of bruises in this case may be accompanied by a feeling of heaviness in the legs, swelling, and bloating of the veins. As a treatment, the doctor will prescribe you: taking special medications that increase the tone of the veins; sclerotherapy (bonding of blood vessels through subcutaneous administration of drugs); wearing special knitwear that maintains muscle and vein tone).
• Hemorrhagic vasculitis. The reason for the appearance of this disease lies in the fact that the immune system fails and the cells of the blood vessels are perceived as foreign. The IS begins to produce antibodies that destroy the walls of blood vessels. This leads to inflammation, and as a result, the appearance of hematomas.
• Yellow bruises may indicate ruptured blood vessels. This is typical for people actively involved in sports. Under heavy load, capillaries under the skin of the extremities inevitably burst. As a result, bruises appear. Therefore, if after a fitness class your legs hurt a lot and bruises appear, we recommend reducing the level of stress during training.
• The appearance of bruises on the body may be a consequence of developing diabetes, because contrary to popular belief, this disease does not only affect blood sugar levels. Diabetes causes a metabolic disorder that affects blood circulation. Bruises appear, seemingly for no apparent reason, because the vessels become more fragile and brittle, and blood clotting worsens.
• Another reason for the appearance of bruises under the knee at the back, most often is a tendon sprain, varicose veins or internal arterial thrombosis.
• Also, if bruises appear on their own, seemingly for no apparent reason, this may be a reaction to the use of analgesics, antidepressants and anti-inflammatory drugs. The fact is that the components of these drugs reduce blood viscosity, which in turn leads to the appearance of hematomas.

You should start by diagnosing the causes, for which you should visit a phlebologist to rule out problems with the blood. If many small bruises appear on the body, we are talking about a blood disease. By taking tests, the number of platelets in the blood is determined and if a deficiency is detected, appropriate treatment is prescribed. If everything is normal according to hematology, you cannot do without examining the blood vessels to find out why bruises often appear on the body and legs: on the foot, on the inside of the thigh, on the knees, on the calves.

As preventive measures, it is advisable (even in the absence of problems with blood vessels) to wear comfortable shoes, dose physical activity, avoiding stagnation on the one hand, but also without straining it excessively, on the other, adjusting the diet. At the first signs of varicose veins, it would be a good idea to take special medications that strengthen the walls of blood vessels, but only a specialist can say about the advisability of taking them, as well as recommend a specific drug and its dosage. And then the problem that women often develop bruises on their legs for no reason will not bother you.

At the Antireflux phlebological center, our specialists will help you identify the true causes of bruises on your legs and body. After conducting the necessary tests and diagnostic studies, the necessary medications and treatment regimen will be selected according to the cause of the bruises.

Watch our video about why bruises can form for no reason:

Classification of hematomas

In modern medicine, when classifying hematomas, the following are taken into account:

• Relation to the vessel - pulsating and non-pulsating hematomas.
• Localization - in the cranial cavity, internal organs, under the skin or mucous membrane.
• The state of the blood in the affected area is suppurated, clotted, fresh, infected.
• Symptoms – limited, encysted, diffuse.

There are hematomas that do not fall into this classification. For example, intracerebral, intracranial, intraventricular. They are of the epidural or subdural type and cause serious complications.

Traditional methods

To resolve the hematoma, unconventional methods of treatment are suitable:

• In order to apply a compress, brew black tea (take a couple of teaspoons per ½ cup of boiling water) and let it steep for half an hour. Moisten a cotton swab and apply to the damaged area for 18-20 minutes. The manipulation is repeated 3 times a day. Bagged tea will also work.
• With the help of an aloe leaf, the inflammatory process is relieved. Cut lengthwise and apply half to the damaged area for 30 minutes.
• A cabbage leaf will do. Apply it to the bruised area, but before using it, it must be mashed to release the juice.
• Mix chili pepper and 5 tablespoons of Vaseline. This ointment is applied to the hematoma and kept for 9-10 minutes.

Soft tissue hematomas

Soft tissue hematomas are divided into 3 types:

• Lungs - appear 24 hours after injury and are accompanied by mild pain. No special treatment is required.
• Medium - appear within 5-6 hours and are accompanied by pain and swelling. The motor function of the limb deteriorates. Consultation with a traumatologist is required.
• Heavy - formed within 2 hours after tissue damage. The function of the limb is impaired, acute pain and diffuse swelling are observed. You should immediately consult a doctor to determine a treatment strategy.

Immediately after the injury, swelling appears, and the skin acquires a purplish-bluish tint. After 5 days, the skin takes on a green tint as hemoglobin breaks down. Gradually, the hematoma resolves and “flows” down.

If there are no complications, the hematoma will resolve on its own. In the worst case, a hard area appears that causes discomfort and impairs motor function. When an intramuscular lump forms, external symptoms are rarely observed, but the limb swells significantly and an area forms inside, the touch of which causes severe pain.

Note! For chronic intramuscular hematomas, an MRI is prescribed to determine the location and extent of tissue damage.

When large lumps form, surgical intervention is required. Treatment is carried out by a traumatologist. The opening of infected seals is performed by a surgeon after a comprehensive diagnosis. The operation is performed on an outpatient basis, but for large hematomas hospitalization is required. An autopsy is performed, during which blood clots are removed and washing is carried out. Drainage and suturing are required. Sutures are not applied only for infected hematomas. Antibiotics are often prescribed in combination to eliminate the infection.

Frequently asked questions

How to get rid of a hematoma using traditional methods?

Folk remedies only help with minor and non-dangerous superficial damage. To speed up resorption, you can apply a compress of mashed cabbage leaves, bodyagu mixed with Vaseline, or tampons soaked in a mummy solution to the bruise. For deep or extensive injuries, you should consult a doctor.

Why is a hematoma dangerous?

The greatest danger to health, and sometimes to life, are hematomas that form deep in the tissues, inside organs or joints. Large hemorrhage is dangerous due to the possible development of infection, inflammation and suppuration. If the joint is damaged, bursitis, synovitis or hemarthrosis may develop, resulting in disability. Blood in the peritoneal cavity leads to peritonitis. Brain hematomas lead to dysfunction of this organ with serious consequences in the form of deterioration of cognitive functions, paralysis of body parts, etc.

How to treat a hematoma in the first hours after injury?

Immediately after a bruise, it is necessary to provide first aid to the victim: apply ice to the injured area, then tightly bandage the injured limb to block the flow of blood into the tissue. The dressing should not remain on for more than two hours. During this time, it is necessary to get to the emergency room, where the patient will receive the necessary professional help.

Intracranial hematomas

Intracranial hematomas are divided into the following types:

• Epidural.
• Subdural.
• Intracerebral.
• Intraventricular.

Epidurals appear in 1-3% of cases and are due to injury to the middle meningeal artery. Pathology is often observed with skull fractures or depressed fractures. A hematoma develops in 2-3 hours or within 24 hours. Lack of treatment leads to coma. The first symptoms are confusion and weakness. Children rarely lose consciousness after a severe blow. Significant swelling of the brain does not lead to the detection of a light gap (which is rare in adults).

Subdurals appear in 1-7% of cases and pose a threat to human life, since death occurs in 60% of cases. There is an acute, subacute and chronic form of the pathology. Bleeding occurs due to a rupture of a vein or artery in the damaged area. People report nausea and severe headaches. Symptoms characteristic of compression of the brain stem are often observed. Lack of treatment and worsening symptoms lead to coma.

Intracerebral are observed extremely rarely with severe traumatic brain injuries. The light gap is not visible, the development of pathology occurs quickly. Hemiplegia or hemiparesis often occurs, as well as extrapyramidal symptoms.

Intraventricular diseases are rarely diagnosed due to the serious condition of patients. There are acute disturbances of consciousness, an increase in body temperature, a decrease in heart rate, and an increase in blood pressure. To establish a diagnosis, a survey of close people is carried out, since the patient is unconscious. To establish the location of the hematoma, MRI is used. In the most severe cases, lombal puncture is used.

What medications will help?

Medical advice is required before using any medicine. As a rule, subcutaneous hemorrhages are treated with:

• Troxevasin ointment. Thanks to her, the bruise will quickly resolve. When applied to the bruised area, the increase in subcutaneous hemorrhage will immediately stop. It is recommended to use 2 times a day.
• Lyoton gel. It restores tissue, resolves hematoma well, and improves blood flow. Apply it for 7 days two to three times a day.
• Badyagi (lat. Spongilla). This product has an irritating effect, as a result of which local microcirculatory processes improve. The product acts as an antiseptic and also has a regenerative effect. Apply 4-5 times per day for no more than 20 minutes.

Diagnostics

A hematoma is diagnosed by visual examination. If the hemorrhage is located deep under the skin, in internal organs, or in a joint, it is often very difficult to assess its size and possible consequences.

Patients are prescribed an examination, which may include:

• Ultrasound of internal organs, joints;
• computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging;
• puncture (puncture with a needle): for example, a puncture of the knee joint is often done if there is a suspicion that blood has accumulated in it after an injury.

Treatment of hematoma on the head of a child

Due to excessive mobility, children often get injured. A large percentage of childhood injuries are head contusions, which are often accompanied by hematomas and the formation of “bumps.”

First aid involves applying a cold object to the site of the hematoma. This should be done in the first few hours. Important: given the imperfection of thermoregulation in children (high sensitivity to low temperatures), the use of cold in children should be dosed - about half an hour and at intervals.

We recommend visiting our clinic’s website https://www.dobrobut.com/, where you will learn in more detail about the causes and consequences of hematomas in children.

Related services: Departure of an emergency team Departure of a specialized pediatric emergency team

Treatment

Minor bruises can be treated conservatively: physiotherapeutic procedures and medications are prescribed.

In case of large accumulations of blood, the hematoma is treated surgically: it is opened, the blood or pus is evacuated, washed with antiseptics and drainage is installed. Antibiotics are prescribed if necessary.

When hemorrhaging into internal organs, it is often necessary to perform surgical intervention, during which it is necessary not only to remove the spilled blood, but also to stop the bleeding.

The multidisciplinary CELT clinic employs experienced traumatologists and surgeons who perform operations on hematomas of various locations. Modern techniques used in our clinic help provide effective treatment and minimize the risk of complications.

Drainage of hematoma and other methods of its treatment

The human body is riddled with blood vessels.
During domestic, industrial or sports injuries, the integrity of the wall of a particular vessel is compromised. This can lead to bleeding or hematoma formation. Hematoma is an accumulation of liquid or coagulated blood in the thickness of soft tissue. This is often a harmless phenomenon, but in some cases doctors are often faced with the need to remove a large hematoma, which can interfere with the functioning of tissues and neighboring organs. Hematomas can form:

• for all types of injuries – closed and open;
• in any part of the human body;
• for injuries of any degree - from minor (in this case, the role is played not by physical effort, but by the fragility of the vascular wall) to severe.

Hematomas can occur not only when physical force is applied to the tissues, but also several hours and days after that. An example is an internal hematoma after surgery - when sutures placed on blood vessels damaged during surgery fail. The possibility of such tissue hemorrhages must be constantly remembered. The timeliness of diagnosis, and therefore the success of hematoma treatment, depends on this.

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