How to get rid of closed comedones on the face: causes of comedones

the problem of comedones on the skin of the face and body, and not only during teenage hormonal changes. Those with oily skin have to cope with this problem all their lives using any available means. In our article we will tell you what comedones are, why they appear and how to get rid of them.

What are comedones and what are they like?

Epidermal cells are constantly renewed throughout a person's life. And during the normal course of this process, the keratinized cells are exfoliated on their own, and the sebaceous ducts perform the function of secreting sebum ( sebum ). Sebum forms a hydrolipidic protective film on the surface of the skin.

However, in some cases, dead cells are not removed on their own, but form a stratum corneum that clogs the sebaceous ducts. Sebum can also become thicker for a variety of reasons, including being full of toxins. Due to the subcutaneous plug, a capsule is formed in the sebaceous gland, which creates an ideal environment for the development of bacteria. All this leads to inflammation, which is called comedones.

Contraindications

Contraindications to any invasive procedures are:

Autoimmune diseases
Unhealed wounds in the work area
Local dermatitis, other skin diseases, active herpes
Blood clotting diseases
Diabetes
Acute form of chronic diseases
Feverish processes
Epilepsy and other diseases accompanied by involuntary movements

If you have rare and serious diseases, it is better to consult a doctor about your decision to do permanent makeup.

Let's look at the main types of comedones

Open comedones are the so-called blackheads. They are pores clogged with oxidized sebum and keratinized cells with melanin particles. Because of this, they have a dark shade and dense structure.

Closed comedones are small white subcutaneous nodules. They are formed when the sebaceous ducts are blocked by dead skin cells and sebum. Unlike blackheads, in closed comedones the plug is formed subcutaneously, and the duct does not have an exit to the outside. Papules quite often become inflamed, also cause pain, and a reddish tint appears around them.

Both types of comedones spoil the appearance, form irregularities, pigment spots, and depressions (as a consequence), and improper treatment and removal can cause the appearance of new lesions.

Many comedones form acne - a disease of skin rashes.

It is important not to confuse closed comedones with milia (epidermal cystic formations), sebaceous adenomas (benign skin formations characteristic of adulthood) and allergic rashes. Getting rid of these types of skin diseases is possible only in a beauty salon, under the supervision of a doctor.

Diagnosis of a tumor by a doctor in a hospital

What does lip cancer look like? It could be a small ulcer or a widespread tumor. Doctors at the Oncology Clinic of the Yusupov Hospital make a diagnosis of lip cancer based on the patient’s complaints, the results of an external examination and additional studies. The oncologist carefully examines and palpates the lips, cheeks, gums and regional lymph nodes. When examining the red border of the lips, skin and mucous membrane, use a magnifying glass.

How to identify lip cancer? Further examination is carried out using instrumental and laboratory diagnostic methods:

Ultrasound examination;
X-rays of the lower jaw;
Panoramic tomography;
Cytological examination of material obtained by taking fingerprint smears from the surface of the ulcer or histological examination of tissue obtained during a biopsy.

For lip cancer with lymphatic metastasis, a biopsy of the lymph nodes is performed. To exclude hematogenous metastases, chest X-ray and ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs are used. When the diagnosis of lip cancer is confirmed, an X-ray examination of the chest organs, general clinical and laboratory examination (electrocardiography, blood and urine tests) are performed.

A PET-CT study (positron emission computed tomography) is prescribed for the following purposes:

Determining the stage of lip cancer;
Assessment of response to treatment;
Detection of disease relapse during the observation period.

PET-CT is an innovative method that combines the capabilities of computer technology and radiology. At the Yusupov Hospital, it is used not only to diagnose lip cancer, but also to monitor tumor development and evaluate the outcome of treatment. Thanks to PET-CT, radiologists have the opportunity to very accurately carry out radiation treatment, significantly reduce the irradiation area, and minimize the impact on healthy organs and tissues.

In many cases, the use of PET-CT excludes a number of additional studies in the future. This allows patients of the Yusupov Hospital to save time and money. The issue of the need to use this method is decided individually for a specific patient at a meeting of the expert council with the participation of professors and doctors of the highest category. A comprehensive examination of patients using the latest diagnostic equipment, the use of modern methods of performing laboratory tests using high-quality reagents allows oncologists at the Yusupov Hospital to obtain reliable results and provide adequate therapy for lip cancer at an early stage.

What causes comedones?

In fact, there are many reasons for the formation of comedones, and to combat them you need an integrated approach. Therefore, it is necessary to exclude all possible provoking factors , change your lifestyle, and aim for constant support of your health. It is certainly possible to improve the situation, but you need to understand that the external manifestation of a problem always has internal causes that should be studied and eliminated, and this is a slow and systemic process.

So, let's name the main reasons for the appearance of comedones:

hormonal imbalance (age-related changes, pregnancy or disruption of the glands);
genetic predisposition;
poor nutrition;
lack of hygiene;
poor environmental conditions;
prolonged stress;
lack of sleep;
incorrectly selected cosmetics (which leads to allergies or clogged pores);
bad habits;
poor nutrition and poor drinking habits (which leads to indigestion).

Colors for micropigmentation

It is recommended to choose a lip shade close to your color to get a natural result. Here are a few more tricks to help you choose the right shade:

Avoid brown shades, even if brown lipstick suits you. Why? Because brown pigments darken over time. Therefore, you may not like the end result.
If you have cool-toned lips, avoid red or burgundy because the pigment used may end up turning purple. In your case, it is better to give preference to an orange tint.
It is important that the ink you use is 2 shades lighter than the lipstick color you are using.
Best colors: pinkish and tiled. They will help you highlight your complexion and give your appearance a warm, soft and natural effect.

Lip micropigmentation is the process of implanting pigment at the dermal level using disposable needles. The ink is usually implanted to a depth of 1.5 mm, it can be of mineral or animal origin and varies in purpose for the skin type.

Stages of the appearance of comedones

Sebum accumulates in the hair follicle and gets stuck in the duct due to, among other things, a dense keratinized layer of cells (hyperkeratosis).
The release of toxins from the deep layers of the dermis becomes more difficult.
Sebum thickens and becomes filled with toxins and bacteria.
The duct expands under the pressure of harmful substances accumulated in it.
Further stages of development differ depending on whether an open or closed comedon appears:
Or the papule remains under the skin, causes internal inflammation and eventually breaks out (closed comedon).

Advantages

Micropigmentation is a simple technique, moderately invasive, with few side effects. The depth of pigment introduction is about 1.5 mm.

Some of the benefits:

giving the fabric a uniform tone;
contour selection;
camouflage scars, scars or other damage.

How to get rid of closed comedones on the face

To completely get rid of comedones, it is necessary to take comprehensive measures: consult a dermatologist or cosmetologist, and also follow all instructions at home.

So, at home you need :

make therapeutic masks containing blue clay, as well as light peelings and scrubs for home use;
include antioxidants : fresh fruits and berries, spinach, lettuce leaves, green tea - this will help remove toxins from the body;
use cosmetics containing keratolytics .

Keratoloitics are necessary to thin the stratum corneum of the skin, which increases the risk of comedones. Among them:

salicylic acid 2-4% (cosmetics with a high percentage of acid are suitable for the skin of the back, neck, etc.);
fruit acids AHA (or hydroxy acids), because they oxidize the pH of sebum, which prevents the proliferation of bacteria;
retinol (including in peelings) - as a rule, is prescribed for external use for a long period, up to six months, with a gradual increase in the amount of the drug and the frequency of application. Suitable for the treatment of acne and multiple comedones. Oral systemic retinoids are prescribed by a doctor if necessary.

The use of keratolytics has a complex effect on the epidermis: cleansing, softening, antiseptic, brightening, stimulating the removal of the stratum corneum, opening comedones and cell renewal.

However, their use also thins the skin, making it more sensitive and unprotected, including from the sun. The cosmetologist chooses the appropriate remedy for each clinical situation and the duration of its use. He will also suggest the optimal sunscreen and tell you about other methods of skin protection.

Let's consider the options for solutions and treatment procedures that modern professional cosmetology can offer.

First meeting with a specialist

Micropigmentation is a cosmetic and dermatological method for treating skin pathologies, so it should be performed by a dermatologist or a certified cosmetologist.

During your first consultation with a specialist, he should inform you about all the pros and cons regarding how the procedure will proceed:

what technique and what type of ink will be used, and what complications may arise;
assess skin condition;
assess whether this technique is suitable for you;
ask about the result you expect;
Explain what measures to take after treatment to achieve a good result.

The cosmetologist should recommend which of the available varieties of pigment shades is ideal for you, taking into account the purpose and skin type.

Treatment procedure using the M22 device

The treatment principle is based on the targeted action of light rays in the range of 311 nm. The phototherapy procedure is absolutely painless and safe, and at the same time very effective. There is no long recovery period required after it. Additional advantages are that one session only takes about 30 minutes, and the effect is targeted only to problem areas.

In addition to the treatment of comedones and acne, there is also photorejuvenation, pigmentation treatment, lifting, and also has an antiseptic effect. The necessary parameters are set on the device: wavelength and depth of exposure, radiation intensity, intervals between flashes and their duration. Before the procedure, the cosmetologist cleanses the skin, applies a conductive gel and protects the eyes of himself and the patient with special glasses.

The M22 hardware procedure is recommended not only for the treatment, but also for the prevention of acne.

Lip cancer: treatment at Yusupov Hospital

Effective treatment of lip cancer in Moscow is carried out by doctors from the oncology clinic of the Yusupov Hospital. Oncologists have many years of experience in treating malignant neoplasms of the lip. Surgeons are fluent in surgical techniques. The cost of surgery is lower than in other oncology clinics in Moscow, despite the high level of qualifications of doctors and modern equipment.

Radiotherapy is carried out using modern radiation installations from leading European and American manufacturers. In order to undergo a course of effective treatment for lip cancer at an affordable price, call the Yusupov Hospital. After the operation, surgeons at the Oncology Clinic perform lip plastic surgery using innovative surgical techniques.

Chemical peeling

As mentioned above, light peelings can be carried out at home, however, more intense and, of course, effective chemical peels can only be carried out within the walls of a cosmetology clinic under the strict supervision of a cosmetologist to avoid skin burns. Chemical peeling exfoliates dead skin cells, tightens pores, and has an antiseptic and brightening effect.

Let's look at the most popular types of chemical peels.

Milk peeling is suitable for very sensitive skin. It can be done at any time of the year. Lactic acid is found in pickles and lactic acid fermentation products. In addition to it, the composition includes urea and a complex of amino acids. This peeling gently exfoliates and at the same time moisturizes the skin, and also stimulates the growth of new cells,

Almond can be on a gel or water-alcohol basis, and can also contain not only the main component (mandelic acid), but also other types of acids. Used to improve skin quality, regulate sebum production, reduce the appearance of wrinkles and age spots.

Azelaine peeling normalizes keratinization in the follicle ducts and sebum production, has an exfoliating, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. It contains nonandioic, 1.7-heptanedicarboxylic acid, which is found in wheat, barley, lilac and other plants.

Glycolic and salicylic peels (AHA and BHA) are often performed simultaneously. In tandem, they have the maximum therapeutic effect: they not only cause the death of old cells, cause their desquamation, but also stimulate the production of natural collagen, as well as skin regeneration. They also discolor pigment spots and post-acne, improve metabolic processes.

How to avoid comedones

maintain hygiene , including regularly changing face towels and bed linen;
avoid touching your face with your hands;
normalize nutrition (avoid sweet, fatty, floury, fried foods and fast food), maintain a drinking regime, take vitamins;
maintain a sleep schedule and try to avoid overwork and stress;
do not neglect physical activity - this helps speed up metabolic processes, saturate cells with oxygen and remove toxins;
to refuse from bad habits;
use medications and medicinal products prescribed by a cosmetologist;
monitor hormonal levels and avoid any changes;
avoid prolonged exposure to the open sun;
Do not self-medicate and do not use unproven methods of traditional medicine.

Complications or possible side effects

Although treatment for micropigmentation is moderately invasive and is not associated with serious complications, you should be aware that even then you may be subject to a number of side effects:

redness;
inflammation;
allergy;
reactivation of herpes.

Side effects due to mistakes made by the cosmetologist:

infection;
scarring;
color fading or scattering.

If the procedure is not performed by an experienced physician at a medical or beauty center, under proper conditions and with proper instruments, you may expose yourself to diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis.

How to properly care for skin with open and closed comedones

If the skin is prone to oiliness and the formation of closed and open comedones, it requires special care. Necessary:

wash your face and use alcohol-free tonics and lotions containing acids;
minimize the use of foundation and other cosmetic products that clog pores;
do self-massage and tone the skin with contrasting washes and showers;
use sunscreen cosmetics;
monitor cell renewal, use home peelings and special brushes for washing, do not bring the skin to a critical condition;
moisturize and nourish the skin from the outside to avoid drying and peeling. Restoring the water balance of the epidermis is extremely important for successful treatment;
squeeze out pimples yourself
regularly , undergo all prescribed procedures and follow recommendations.