Herpes zoster: photo of a person, symptoms and treatment. Herpes zoster virus on the body after chickenpox: is it contagious, ICD10 code

Shingles or herpes is an infectious disease that causes damage to the skin with the appearance of characteristic rashes. The causative agent of the infection is the varicella zoster virus, which is in a latent state in the patient’s body.

After a person has had chickenpox, the virus becomes inactive and can persist in the cells of the spinal cord for decades. Its reactivation against the background of decreased immunity leads to the appearance of symptoms of herpes zoster.

What is shingles?

Shingles is a common viral disease diagnosed in people who have previously had chickenpox (chickenpox). The infection occurs more often in older people, which is associated with an age-related decrease in immune defense.

The development of shingles can be triggered by:

uncontrolled medication use;
radio and chemotherapy;
hypovitaminosis;
intense physical or mental stress;
unfavorable environmental situation;
prolonged exposure to allergens or toxic substances (for example, at work);
a sharp change in climate zone;
hypothermia of the body;
chronic diseases, for example, diabetes, stomach ulcers;
undergone surgical operations.

The risk of developing herpes zoster is higher among people suffering from autoimmune diseases and cancer.

The symptoms of the disease depend on its stage and the individual characteristics of the patient’s body. The incubation period can last decades, after which the virus is activated against the background of previous injuries, acute infections or other factors that weaken the immune system.

In a latent state, the pathogen is located in the spinal cord, but when the body’s defenses decrease, it begins to actively multiply and infect surrounding tissues. As a rule, the virus “moves” along the nerve endings to the skin, where it manifests itself in the form of a characteristic rash. At the same time, the infection spreads throughout the nervous system, including the brain, which causes attacks of pain and symptoms of general intoxication.

The first signs of shingles are:

malaise and general weakness;
increased fatigue;
fever;
headache;
loss of appetite accompanied by nausea, in severe cases with vomiting.

After a few days, characteristic pain appears in the affected area of the skin. Painful sensations can be of varying intensity, intensify when touched, and be accompanied by itching.

In this case, the symptoms change, the following occurs:

swelling and redness of tissues;
rash in the form of reddish bubbles (vesicles) filled with liquid. The bubbles can grow and merge with each other.

After 3-5 days, the blisters shrink and disappear, often with the formation of scars.

Dermatologists distinguish several types of atypical shingles, in which the manifestations of the infection change:

abortive - characterized by the absence of rash and pain, although the skin swells, but redness and swelling quickly disappear;
bullous - instead of small blisters, the patient experiences large formations, and the symptoms of general intoxication intensify;
hemorrhagic - the rash is filled with lymph with a large amount of blood, microhemorrhages occur in the skin, the pathological process affects the deep layers of the skin;
gangrenous - deep and long-lasting ulcers appear at the site of the rash, the general condition of the patient is serious;
generalized - the rash occupies up to half the body and can appear on the mucous membranes (for example, in the oral cavity).

The severity of the disease is directly related to the general state of the immune system. In older people, people suffering from severe chronic disorders, and those who have undergone radiation therapy, the infection is most acute and often leads to complications.

Is it possible to take Sirdalud for herpes zoster?

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How is shingles transmitted?

You can get shingles from someone who has herpes or chickenpox. However, if the patient comes into contact with this virus for the first time, he will get chickenpox, and not shingles. The appearance of lichen is possible only in the case of a secondary lesion.

Most often, the pathogen is transmitted by airborne droplets; contact infection is also possible.

When the virus is inhaled, it remains in the respiratory tract and begins to spread throughout the body along with the flow of lymph and blood, as well as moving along nerve endings. Gradually, the pathogen penetrates most tissues of the body. This explains the recurrent nature of herpes zoster - it is impossible to suppress the virus with self-medication; complex therapy is required under the supervision of an experienced dermatologist.

Frequently asked questions to the doctor

Herpes and overheating of the body

Hello, I would like to know the answer to the question - is it possible to heat herpes?

It is not recommended to heat herpes, or rather the body, during a period when there are rashes on the body. Thus, damage can be provoked, and a secondary infection will quickly join open wounds.

Sports and herpes

Is it possible to exercise if you have herpes?

The best way to boost your immunity is through physical activity, but in moderation. This is a major factor in containing the virus. Various sports can be used, such as yoga, swimming, walking or running. Despite the fact that sports are not prohibited, overexertion should not be allowed; training should be regular, that is, there is no need to break the regime. In addition, you should lead a healthy lifestyle.

Bath and herpes

Good afternoon, I have a question: is it possible to go to the bathhouse if you have herpes or not?

Everyone probably knows that a bath is the best way to strengthen the immune system, but in the case of herpes it is recommended to neglect it. Going to the bathhouse can lead to rapid development of the disease. In humid conditions, the rate of virus reproduction will be increased, which will have a negative impact on human health.

Routes of infection

Can I become infected with the herpes virus through dishes or common household items?

The herpes virus is extremely sensitive to the external environment and dies quickly. The chance that you will become infected through a shared towel or a poorly washed mug is not great. However, some studies suggest that the virus can easily survive after washing in water at 40 degrees. The membrane is damaged, which reduces its activity, but there is still a risk of infection. That is why during an outbreak of infection it is recommended not to share towels, dishes or other things.

Herpes transition method

I am developing herpes on my lips, can it turn into genital herpes?

The development of genital herpes is provoked by another virus. However, they are similar in properties. Conventionally, we can assume that herpes on the lips will turn into genital herpes; for this, it is enough to have oral sex. In order to prevent this during the period of exacerbation of the disease, such caresses should be abandoned.

What does shingles look like?

One of the hallmarks of shingles is a specific pink rash that appears on the face and body. Vesicles appear on the 3rd-4th day of infection, they are preceded by:

pain and burning of the skin;
tissue redness;
slight swelling of the skin.

Then one or more small pink-red bubbles with transparent contents appear. In most cases, the size of the rash does not exceed a pea; small bubbles can merge into larger formations.

After a few days, the contents of the bubbles become cloudy, they burst with the formation of a yellow-brown film. Vesicles do not appear all at once and continue to form over several days, occupying an increasing area of the body.

After recovery, patches of skin with disturbed pigmentation, scars and scar tissue often form at the site of the rash.

Where does shingles occur?

The location of the rash depends on which nerve is affected. The rash may appear on the face, torso, and limbs, but usually only on one side of the body: for example, only on the back or only on the stomach. If vesicles appear on both sides, this indicates a rare generalized form of herpes zoster.

The rash may also affect:

ears;
mucous membrane of the mouth and nose;
conjunctiva of the eyes;
external genitalia, including the vulva in women.

If bubbles appear on the mucous membranes, they quickly burst with the formation of areas of erosion.

Why is genital herpes dangerous during pregnancy?

Answer:

The answer to this question could be a topic for a separate article. It is believed that herpes infection can be the cause of non-developing pregnancy in 20 percent, secondary infertility in 60 percent, and miscarriage in 20 percent of cases.

In addition, the herpes simplex virus can be transmitted vertically - from mother to child, and the likelihood of transmission increases sharply if there are rashes on the mother's genitals during childbirth. With such an infection, the virus can “doze off” for a long time in the child’s body, or can cause herpes of the newborn, isolated as a separate form of infection. This disease can affect a variety of organs of the child, often leading to developmental disorders and sometimes death. Therefore, it is extremely important for expectant mothers to be examined for herpes infection and, if necessary, undergo a course of treatment to prevent exacerbations.

Which doctor treats shingles?

A dermatologist treats shingles.

At the appointment, the doctor visually assesses the condition of the skin, after which he may prescribe additional tests, including:

general analysis of urine and blood;
polymerase chain reaction (PCR);
blood biochemistry;
serological analysis.

Based on the results of the examination, the dermatologist prescribes appropriate treatment.

How is shingles treated?

Treatment tactics largely depend on the severity of herpes zoster, the patient’s age, and his state of health. Properly selected therapy can significantly reduce recovery time, eliminate unpleasant symptoms, avoid complications and suppress the virus. In most cases, the basis of treatment is taking the following set of medications:

antiviral drugs – suppress the growth and reproduction of the herpes virus;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – fight high fever, improve overall well-being;
immunomodulators – activate the body’s own defenses, which also contributes to a speedy recovery;
antihistamine tablets - relieve swelling of the skin, reduce itching.

To suppress bacterial growth in sores, your dermatologist may prescribe antibiotics along with probiotics. Local remedies are also used: antiviral ointments, hydrogen peroxide solution, and other antiseptics. They gently treat the affected areas of the skin.

Ointments have a complex effect: they suppress the virus inside the vesicles, accelerate the healing of the skin, and minimize the risk of infection of ulcers by bacteria. Local remedies also relieve swelling and redness of tissues and eliminate itching.

For a quick recovery without relapse, it is important to eliminate the cause of shingles. If it is caused by hypovitaminosis, multivitamin complexes and ascorbic acid are prescribed; in case of stress, it is necessary to normalize the daily routine and get proper rest. It is important to follow a balanced diet: reduce the consumption of animal fats, give up salty and smoked foods, add more fresh vegetables to the diet.

Treatment tactics should be determined by a dermatologist - self-medication will not lead to results, and can aggravate the course of herpes zoster and increase the risk of complications. If you consult a doctor in a timely manner and follow his recommendations, the prognosis in most cases is favorable.

Symptoms of the disease

Despite the fact that there are many varieties of herpes, the symptoms of each of them are similar, among them the following can be distinguished:

a large number of pimples, inside of which there is a clear liquid, the affected area may be different;
feeling of weakness throughout the body;
increased body temperature;
feeling of pain in joints and muscles.

Interesting! It may also be that with the development of herpes, appetite disappears, depression, drowsiness and irritability occur.

After infection, not only the skin, but also internal organs begin to suffer, and psychological discomfort is also present. Infected people may encounter complications; many suffer from ignorance of the situation and are constantly trying to find answers to many questions, for example, is it possible to go to the pool with herpes.

Rash on hands

Possible complications

The herpes virus is especially dangerous for adults. If the disease makes itself felt in adulthood, there may be many reasons for concern.

Without appropriate treatment, the following consequences may occur:

inflammatory process in the pharynx affecting the lymph nodes;
pneumonia – difficult to treat, occurs rapidly;
weakening of the body's defenses, a person becomes vulnerable to colds;
brain damage – dementia, epilepsy occurs; stopping further cell destruction is not always easy;
inflammatory process in the eyes;
inflammation of the urinary system - cystitis periodically worsens;
diseases of the pelvic bones - inflammation develops, it has a detrimental effect on the condition of bone tissue;
development of oncological diseases - cells degenerate into malignant ones;
development of female infertility - the process of fertilization of the egg is disrupted;
impotence – occurs due to hormonal imbalance;
inflammatory process in the pancreas - in some cases a necrotic process develops, which is not always easy to cure.

The baby can become infected from the mother the moment he is in her womb

Complications most often arise because patients believe in myths and postpone treatment until later. There is an opinion that only the skin can suffer from the virus, and the internal organs are not affected, but in fact this is not so. You cannot make a diagnosis with your own hands, but you can begin treatment, which will be prescribed by a doctor.

How to relieve the pain of shingles?

Sharp, severe pain in the affected nerves is one of the key symptoms of shingles. To alleviate them, the dermatologist prescribes analgesics, which must be taken strictly in the prescribed dosage. If pain is very bothersome to the patient, opioid medications may be prescribed.

If the herpes virus severely damages the nerve endings, the patient develops postherpetic neuralgia. In this case, the pain does not go away even after complete recovery - the person continues to be bothered by sharp pain attacks.

Postherpetic neuralgia may be accompanied by:

numbness of the skin at the site of the rash;
painful itching;
feeling of "goosebumps".

In this case, the doctor prescribes antidepressants and anticonvulsants. The risk of postherpetic neuralgia increases in elderly patients, people with HIV infections, and also in cases where the patient started treatment late and did not adhere to medical prescriptions.

Drug therapy

Drug therapy involves the use of the following groups of drugs:

Anticonvulsants (Lyrica, Neurontin, others). These drugs have shown good effectiveness against neuropathic pain. However, they have a number of side effects, the most common of which are decreased concentration, drowsiness and swelling of the legs;
Antidepressants. Some antidepressants (Amitriptyline, Duloxetine) affect the production of special brain substances that are responsible for both depressive states and the perception of pain. Doctors often prescribe minimal doses of antidepressants in the complex treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. Their main side effects include: drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness;
In cases of severe pain and insufficient effectiveness of other drugs, patients may be prescribed narcotic analgesics.

Can shingles be washed?

During illness, due to damage to the skin, patients are prohibited from taking a bath or shower, or visiting a sauna or swimming pool. At the same time, it is important to continue to maintain personal hygiene, otherwise the risk of infection of the vesicles with bacterial flora increases.

Therefore, dermatologists recommend:

regularly use antiseptic ointments and solutions to treat rashes;
change underwear daily;
update bed linen with antiseptic treatment - washing at high temperatures and ironing.

It is necessary to avoid synthetic, tight and dense clothing that interferes with skin respiration and can damage the vesicles. After all the bubbles have dried, you can resume normal hygiene procedures, and also take salt baths as an additional method of therapy in consultation with your doctor.

When is water good for you?

The most common question from people with herpes is: is it possible to go to the sauna with herpes? Most doctors say that water procedures are a good way to relieve itching and pain in the rash area. With proper bathing, you can get rid of bacteria from the upper layers of your skin. So, is it possible to go to the bathhouse or shower with herpes?

Yes, but for this you need to take into account some features:

You can only wash in warm water; the temperature should not be higher than the human body. Otherwise, under the influence of high temperatures, the virus will quickly spread throughout the body, and other organs will be susceptible to infection.
During an exacerbation, forget about swimming in open water. There is also a strict taboo on baths. You can take a shower: at this time, dust particles are washed off from the skin; they do not come into contact with healthy areas of the body.
Do not use powerful aggressive detergents, such as scrubs. Avoid using a washcloth. To dry, take two towels - use one for healthy skin, the second for those areas where there are rashes. The fabric should be soft, without leaving lint, otherwise it may penetrate into the herpetic blisters.
With the development of a disease such as herpes zoster, pain will begin to appear in the area of problem areas. They are especially sensitive to irritation and can merge together.

Development of herpes zoster

Important! In some cases, it is recommended to wipe healthy skin, avoiding areas with rashes, this way you will avoid injury.

When rashes appear in the genital area, special attention should be paid to personal hygiene; debate should not be allowed. Is it possible to go to the bathhouse with herpes? It’s better to ask your doctor.

What should you remember during water treatments?

The development of an inflammatory process on the body is not at all a reason to give up on yourself. But during exacerbations, patients are recommended to take sick leave, so you will not infect your surroundings. It will be especially difficult for all bath lovers at this time.

You can't always swim if you're sick

In some cases, the frequency of water procedures will have to be reduced: in special cases, you are allowed to shower no more than once a week.

But as soon as the blisters dry out and crusts form in their place, you are allowed to do the following:

When taking a warm bath, it is recommended to add a few drops of tea tree oil. It has several actions at once - bactericidal, wound healing, and accelerates regeneration processes. Interesting! It is allowed to dilute the product with water; it is prohibited to apply it in its pure form, otherwise a burn will occur. You can use essential oils, which are probably in everyone's medicine cabinet.
Use sea salt and add it to your bath. In this way, you can relieve fatigue, tension, as well as pain, which often occurs after the virus damages nerve cells.
You can also swim in the sea, but only during the period when there are no exacerbations. The higher the salinity of the water, the better. The high iodine content also has a positive effect on the condition of the skin.
Despite the fact that during the period of crust formation on the body the patient is considered not contagious, it is not recommended to visit the pool. There is a high probability that the ulcer will become infected.

In order to relieve irritation and soothe the skin, it is recommended to use herbal tinctures rather than ordinary water. Just pour boiling water over the mixture and let it brew. After cooling, wash the areas where there are rashes.

Hygiene is especially important

Hygiene during exacerbations is especially important. It determines how quickly the blistering stage is completed, as well as how quickly the ulcers heal.

How long does it take to treat herpes zoster?

The patient’s recovery time depends on his age and individual characteristics of the body. Shingles is most easily transmitted by young people under the age of 35-40 years. But even in elderly patients, with properly selected treatment, the virus is suppressed within 5 weeks.

However, in some cases the infection leads to various complications:

bacterial skin infection is the most common complication, usually resulting from poor personal hygiene. After the vesicles dry, the ulcer becomes infected with a bacterial pathogen, which leads to an acute inflammatory reaction and suppuration;
postherpetic neuralgia is also a common complication, more often diagnosed in old age. In this case, symptoms of shingles may persist for up to six months.

Rarer types of complications include:

pneumonia;
nerve paresis;
glaucoma and other ophthalmological disorders;
meningoencephalitis and other central nervous system lesions.

To avoid complications, it is recommended to consult a doctor at the first signs of the disease. Since the initial symptoms of shingles (fatigue, fever, body aches) can be confused with the flu or a cold, patients often turn to a general practitioner, who involves a dermatologist in treatment.

Treatment methods

Herpes appears suddenly on the body; the prognosis for treatment often depends on how quickly treatment was started.

When the first symptoms appear, it is recommended to use the following remedies:

Antiviral antiherpetic drugs - Virolex, Acyclovir, Zovirax, etc. The drugs are often available in tablet form and are suitable for oral administration. However, due to the severity of the disease, specialists may prescribe injections. It is recommended to take medications in advance, before blisters appear on the body.
Local antiviral agents - sprays, gels, ointments, for example, Zovirax or Acyclovir. The preparations are applied once every few hours to problem areas; before going to bed, it is better to wash everything off and use antiseptics.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or painkillers - paracetamol, ibuprofen. For external use, you should use lidocaine ointment. When treating a disease such as herpes, it is not always possible to do without painkillers, since the virus spreads through the peripheral nervous system.
Auxiliary preparations – Panthenol spray, Depanthenol. Medicines help accelerate regeneration processes.
Antiseptic drugs. In order to prevent infection, it is necessary to apply antibiotics locally. It is recommended to treat problem areas with zinc ointment, Miramistin, Chlorhexidine.
Warming preparations applied topically. To speed up the metabolic process in tissues, warming agents are used, for example, Doctor MOM, asterisk. In addition to all this, the products have an anti-inflammatory effect.
Immunomodulators. Herpes occurs on the body and face because the immune system becomes weak; this is especially true in older people. To speed up recovery, it is recommended to take drugs to increase the body's resistance - Polyoxidonium, Cycloferon. Instructions for taking medications are issued by a doctor, individually for each patient.
Vitamin and mineral complex. When developing herpes, the most valuable vitamins are A, C, E, etc. They are taken orally and can be administered intramuscularly.

In old age or childhood, physiotherapy is used to treat herpes. In this case, it is a good immunomodulator.

One of the drugs for treatment

Prevention of herpes

Treating herpes is actually not difficult, but only if you strictly follow all the instructions of your doctor. In order to prevent infection with the virus, it is recommended to adhere to certain prevention rules.

Today, many measures have been developed to help avoid infection and prevent consequences:

If symptoms of any disease appear, especially if it is chronic, you should seek help from a medical facility. A weakened immune system can become the basis for the activation of herpes.
You can protect yourself from any symptoms of the disease only if your immunity is strong. Take vitamin complexes, eat a balanced diet, and engage in moderate physical activity.
In order not to become infected with herpes through sexual contact, avoid casual relationships with unfamiliar people. It is important to use condoms, this way you and your sexual partner will be protected.
Vaccination is often used in medical practice; it helps suppress the virus in the human body. The vaccine is aimed at preventing the virus from activating, even if concomitant factors are present.

We must not forget about such simple things as hygiene; after visiting public places, you must wash your hands thoroughly. There is no need to use other people's personal hygiene products. Keep your body clean, take a shower, do not overheat or overcool your body.

Only a strong immune system can resist infections

Thus, we can conclude that herpes is certainly a dangerous virus, but with the right approach to it, it does not threaten human life. If it is impossible to protect yourself from negative factors, you must adhere to basic safety rules.

Before you give someone your hand, make sure that there are no rashes there, the same goes for kisses and simple hugs. You can avoid infection; to do this you need to be extremely careful.

How long is shingles contagious?

A person with shingles is contagious to others. The virus is in active form 1-2 days before the rash appears and until the vesicles have completely healed. To limit the spread of infections, during this period the patient is advised to avoid contact with other people,, if possible, limit communication with friends and relatives, and not use shared utensils or hygiene products.

After the rash goes away, shingles ceases to be dangerous for people around you - the immune system has suppressed the viral infection.

Rules for water procedures

Take a shower rather than a bath to avoid spreading the infection to other areas of the skin.
Wash once every two days to reduce irritation to areas of inflammation.
The water should not be hot, and in no case should you create a “steam room” (by the way, visiting a sauna is also contraindicated).
Do not rub yourself with a washcloth, do not use a scrub, because multiple damage to the bubbles can lead to bacterial complications.
Detergents are needed with a neutral pH of 5.5 - they are gentle on the epidermis.